Municipal solid waste management decision-making during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between Brazil and Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24673Keywords:
Waste Management; Municipal Solid Waste; COVID-19; Brazil; Portugal.Abstract
Decisions related to waste management were affected to contain the advance of the new coronavirus pandemic. Different measures have been adopted between countries around the world. This study aims to assess changes in decision-making on solid waste management in Brazil and Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the socioeconomic differences and the context of waste management in each country before the health crisis. A literature review was carried out on scientific bases, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Differences were noted in decisions and guidelines for good practices in waste management, with measures being observed in a decentralized manner in Brazil, differently from what was observed in Portugal. In this way, the understanding of urban waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil becomes complex, in addition to the territorial extension and the diverse social composition, due to the decentralization of decision-making, while Portugal centralizes decisions related to waste management and has a smaller population and territorial extension.
References
ABRELPE. Panorama 2020 – abrelpe. (2020a, December). ABRELPE. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://abrelpe.org.br/panorama-2020/
ABRELPE. ABRELPE NO COMBATE A COVID -19 – Abrelpe. (2020b). ABRELPE. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://abrelpe.org.br/abrelpe-no-combate-a-covid-19/
ABES. Recomendações para gestão de resíduos em situação de pandemia por coronavírus (COVID-19). (2020, March). ABES. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://abes-sp.org.br/arquivos/recomendacoes_gestaoresiduos_covid19.pdf
Aldaco, R., Hoehn, D., Laso, J., Margallo, M., Ruiz-Salmón, J., Cristobal, J., Kahhat, R., Villanueva-Rey, P., Bala, A., Batlle-Bayer, L., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., Irabien, A., & Vazquez-Rowe, I. (2020). Food waste management during the COVID-19 outbreak: a holistic climate, economic and nutritional approach. Science of The Total Environment, 742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140524
AMLURB. (2021, March 18). Quantitativos. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/subprefeituras/amlurb/index.php?p=185375
ANVISA- Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. (2018, March 28). RESOLUÇÃO DA DIRETORIA COLEGIADA - RDC no 222, DE 28 DE MARÇO DE 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/anvisa/2018/rdc0222_28_03_2018.pdf
APA - Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente. (2020a, June). Relatório anual de resíduos urbanos 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2021, from https://apambiente.pt/sites/default/files/_Residuos/Producao_Gest%C3%A3o_Residuos/Dados%20RU/RARU%202019.pdf
APA - Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente. (2020b). Orientações e recomendações para a gestão de resíduos em situação de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Retrieved May 25, 2021, from http://www.ersar.pt/pt/site-comunicacao/site-noticias/documents/orientacoes_apa_ersar_covid_v4_02092020.pdf
APA - Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente. (2020c). Emergência COVID-19 resíduos em casa - O que fazer. Retrieved May 25, 2021, from https://apambiente.pt/sites/default/files/_SNIAMB_A_APA/Informacao_institucional/Covid19/Covid19_ResiduosCasa.PDF
APA - Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente. (2021, July 16). Orientações para a gestão de resíduos da utilização de “testes rápidos” de diagnóstico à COVID-19. Retrieved May 25, 2020, from https://www.apambiente.pt/sites/default/files/_SNIAMB_A_APA/Informacao_institucional/Covid19/Orientacoes_Residuos_Testes_Rapidos_Covid-19_v2.0.pdf
APA - Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente. (2016). Relatório anual de resíduos urbanos 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://apambiente.pt/sites/default/files/_Residuos/Producao_Gest%C3%A3o_Residuos/Dados%20RU/RARU%202015.pdf
PBH - Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. (2020a). Plano municipal de saneamento de Belo Horizonte 2020/2023. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from https://prefeitura.pbh.gov.br/sites/default/files/estrutura-de-governo/obras-e-infraestrutura/2021/_pms2020-2023_texto_completo.pdf
Belo Horizonte. (2020a, March 23). PORTARIA SLU no 35, DE 23 DE MARÇO DE 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from http://portal6.pbh.gov.br/dom/iniciaEdicao.do?method=DetalheArtigo&pk=1227243
Belo Horizonte. (2020b, October 19). PORTARIA SLU No 075, 19 DE OUTUBRO DE 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from http://portal6.pbh.gov.br/dom/iniciaEdicao.do?method=DetalheArtigo&pk=1235091
Benítez, M. A., Velasco, C., Sequeira, A. R., Henríquez, J., Menezes, F. M., & Paolucci, F. (2020). Responses to COVID-19 in five Latin American countries. Health Policy and Technology, 9(4), 525–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.014
Brasil. (2010, October 2). LEI No 12.305, DE 2 DE AGOSTO DE 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2021, from http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12305.htm
Brasil. (2020, April 2). LEI no 13.982, DE 2 DE ABRIL DE 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2021, from https://pesquisa.in.gov.br/imprensa/jsp/visualiza/index.jsp?data=02/04/2020&jornal=600&pagina=1
Cardona‐Ospina, J. A., Arteaga‐Livias, K., Villamil‐Gómez, W. E., Pérez‐Díaz, C. E., Katterine Bonilla‐Aldana, D., Mondragon‐Cardona, L., Solarte‐Portilla, M., Martinez, E., Millan‐Oñate, J., López‐Medina, E., López, P., Navarro, J., Perez‐Garcia, L., Mogollon‐Rodriguez, E., Rodríguez‐Morales, A. J., & Paniz‐Mondolfi, A. (2020). Dengue and COVID‐19, overlapping epidemics? An analysis from Colombia. Journal of Medical Virology, 93(1), 522–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26194
Dagnino, R., & Johansen, I. (2017). Os catadores no brasil: Características demográficas e socioeconômicas dos coletores de material reciclável, classificadores de resíduos e varredores a partir do censo demográfico de 2010. Mercado de Trabalho. Published. http://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/7819/1/bmt_62_catadores.pdf
De-la-Torre, G. E., Rakib, M. R. J., Pizarro-Ortega, C. I., & Dioses-Salinas, D. C. (2021). Occurrence of personal protective equipment (PPE) associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along the coast of Lima, Peru. Science of The Total Environment, 774, 145774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145774
Souza, W. M., Buss, L. F., Candido, D. S., Carrera, J. P., Li, S., Zarebski, A. E., Pereira, R. H. M., Prete, C. A., Souza-Santos, A. A., Parag, K. V., Belotti, M. C. T. D., Vicenti-Gonzalez, M. F., Messina, J., Sales, F. C. S., Andrade, P. S., Nascimento, V. H., Ghilardi, F., Abade, L., Gutierrez, B., . . . Faria, N. R. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 856–865. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4
DGS - Direção Geral da Saúde. (2020a, March 19). Infeção por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) – recolha, transporte e tratamento dos resíduos hospitalares. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from https://www.dgs.pt/directrizes-da-dgs/orientacoes-e-circulares-informativas/orientacao-n-0122020-de-19032020-pdf.aspx
DGS - Direção Geral da Saúde. (2020b, May 22). Gestão de resíduos. Retrieved May 25, 2021, from https://covid19.min-saude.pt/gestao-de-residuos/
Distrito Federal. (2020a, March 20). Decreto 40548 de 20/03/2020. Retrieved April 7, 2021, from http://www.sinj.df.gov.br/sinj/Norma/0d2da99f97f047cfb567d3509a835e7e/Decreto_40548_20_03_2020.html
Distrito Federal. (2020b, April 14). Resolução 5 de 14/04/2020. Retrieved April 7, 2021, from http://www.sinj.df.gov.br/sinj/Norma/45ad428523a5419b868cfe1e8f14a039/adasa_res_5_2020.html#capII_art3_par1
Dowd, J. B., Andriano, L., Brazel, D. M., Rotondi, V., Block, P., Ding, X., Liu, Y., & Mills, M. C. (2020). Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(18), 9696–9698. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004911117
Leal, W., Filho, Voronova, V., Kloga, M., Paço, A., Minhas, A., Salvia, A. L., Ferreira, C. D., & Sivapalan, S. (2021). COVID-19 and waste production in households: A trend analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 777, 145997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145997
G1. (2020, June 9). Veículos de comunicação formam parceria para dar transparência a dados de covid-19. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/06/08/veiculos-de-comunicacao-formam-parceria-para-dar-transparencia-a-dados-de-covid-19.ghtml
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2020). Síntese de indicadores sociais uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101760.pdf
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2021a). São Paulo. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/sao-paulo/panorama
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2021b). Belo Horizonte. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/mg/belo-horizonte/panorama
INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2021a, April 23). No contexto da pandemia COVID-19 a Área metropolitana de Lisboa concentrou quase metade do emprego em teletrabalho - abril a dezembro de 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2021, from https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=493705905&DESTAQUESmodo=2
INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2021b, May 12). A taxa de subutilização do trabalho situou-se em 14,1% e a taxa de desemprego em 7,1% - 1.o trimestre de 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021, from https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=472918526&DESTAQUESmodo=2
Mol, M. P. G., Cussiol, N. A. D. M., & Paix�ão, S. (2021). Criteria for classification and destination of healthcare wastes with potential biological risk: comparison between Brazil and Portugal. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 27(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2021.10034231
Nakada, L. Y. K., & Urban, R. C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: environmental and social factors influencing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in São Paulo, Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(30), 40322–40328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10930-w
Patrício Silva, A. L., Prata, J. C., Walker, T. R., Campos, D., Duarte, A. C., Soares, A. M., Barcelò, D., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2020). Rethinking and optimising plastic waste management under COVID-19 pandemic: Policy solutions based on redesign and reduction of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment. Science of The Total Environment, 742, 140565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140565
Poblacion, A., Segall-Corrêa, A. M., Cook, J., & Taddei, J. A. D. A. C. (2021). Validity of a 2-item screening tool to identify families at risk for food insecurity in Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00132320
Portugal. (2006, July 3). Lei n.o 27/2006. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/lei/27-2006-537862
Portugal. (2014, September 18). Portaria n.o 187-A/2014. Retrieved May 20, 2021, from https://dre.pt/dre/analise-juridica/portaria/187-a-2014-56928479
Portugal. (2020a, March 19). Resolução do conselho de ministros n.o 10-D/2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/resolucao-conselho-ministros/10-d-2020-130413790
Portugal. (2020b, June 6). Resolução do conselho de ministros n.o 41/2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from https://files.dre.pt/1s/2020/06/110a00/0000200037.pdf
Portugal. (2020c, December 30). Resolução do conselho de ministros n.o 114/2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from https://files.dre.pt/1s/2020/12/25200/0000300006.pdf
Prata, J. C., Silva, A. L., Walker, T. R., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic Repercussions on the Use and Management of Plastics. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(13), 7760–7765. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02178
Prefeitura de São Paulo. (2021b, March 30). 365 dias de quarentena em São Paulo: Prefeitura analisa impacto da pandemia nos resíduos sólidos coletados na cidade. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/subprefeituras/amlurb/noticias/?p=310489
PREpidemia. (2020). Boletins Quinzenais. Retrieved April 7, 2021, from https://www.prepidemia.org/boletins-quinzenais-prepidemia
Ragazzi, M., Rada, E. C., & Schiavon, M. (2020). Municipal solid waste management during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak and lockdown ease: Lessons from Italy. Science of The Total Environment, 745, 141159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141159
Ribeiro-Silva, R. C., Pereira, M., Campello, T., Aragão, E., Guimarães, J. M. M., Ferreira, A. J. F., Barreto, M. L., & Santos, S. M. C. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic implications for food and nutrition security in Brazil. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 25(9), 3421–3430. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.22152020
Sarkodie, S. A., & Owusu, P. A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on waste management. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(5), 7951–7960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00956-y
SNIS - Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. (2019). SNIS - Série Histórica. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from http://app4.mdr.gov.br/serieHistorica/
SNIS - Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. (2020). SNIS - PAINEL DE INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE SANEAMENTO. Retrieved April 4, 2021, from http://www.snis.gov.br/painel-informacoes-saneamento-brasil/web/painel-residuos-solidos
Urban, R. C., & Nakada, L. Y. K. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: Solid waste and environmental impacts in Brazil. Science of The Total Environment, 755, 142471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142471
Ventura, K. S., Morais, M. S., Vaz Filho, P., & Brunetti Junior, A. (2021). Análise dos impactos da COVID-19 à coleta de resíduos sólidos domiciliares, recicláveis e de serviços de saúde no município de Araraquara (SP), Brasil. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 26(4), 775–784. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220200309
WB - World Bank. (2021a). Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) - Brazil | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=BR
WB - World Bank. (2021b). Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) - Portugal | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=PT
WB - World Bank. (2021c). Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Brazil | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?locations=BR
WB - World Bank. (2021d). Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Portugal | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?locations=PT
WB - World Bank. (2021e). Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Portugal | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=PT
WB - World Bank. (2021f). Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) - Brazil | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=BR
WB - World Bank. (2021g). Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) - Portugal | data. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=PT
WHO - World Health Organization. (2014). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/268779/Safe-management-of-wastes-from-health-care-activities-Eng.pdf
WHO - World Health Organization. (2021a). Brazil: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data. Retrieved August 18, 2021, from https://covid19.who.int/region/amro/country/br/
WHO - World Health Organization. (2021b). Portugal: WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard with vaccination data. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data. Retrieved August 18, 2021, from https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/pt/
Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., & Sanchez-Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ana Teresa Rodrigues de Sousa; Susana Paixão; Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.