Renal complications resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 persons: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25217Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Kidney diseases; Acute Kidney Injury.Abstract
Aim: To identify renal complications/sequels resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with COVID-19; and to describe the age characteristic of the studied population. Methodology: Scoping Review performed in the databases Web of Science, BVS, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Embase, LILACS. And in online sites: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Gray Literature and Google Scholar. The descriptors used were (comorbidity OR sequel OR complications), (kidney diseases OR glomerular disease OR acute kidney injury OR nephropathy) AND (coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19). Inclusion criteria: articles in portuguese, english and spanish, with different methodological approaches, available in full, online, published from january 1, 2020 to September 29, 2021. And exclusion: people with previous diagnoses of renal pathologies acute and/or chronic; letters to the editor; opinion articles; editorials; and notes. Results: Ten articles were selected, which showed that the infectious process caused by SARS-CoV-2 can start with mild proteinuria and hematuria, and progress to an acute kidney injury caused by the reduction in the glomerular filtration capacity, which favors the retention of some nitrogenous slag, causing increased creatinine and urea levels. Furthermore, they reported that individuals aged between 52-69 years were the most affected. Conclusions: Complications/sequels resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection are: deposition of immune complexes in renal cells, proteinuria, hematuria, increase in serum creatinine, increase in nitrogenous urea in the blood, decrease in TGF, and AKI stage 1, 2 and 3. These complications have mostly occurred in people aged ≥ 52 years.
References
Ahmadian, E. et al (2021). Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Rev. Med. Virol., 31:e2176. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2176.
Aleebrahim-Dehkordi, E. et al. (2020). Acute kidney injury in COVID-19; a review on current knowledge. J. Nephropathol., 9(4):e31. https://doi.org/10.34172/jnp.2020.31.
Casas-Aparicio, G., et al. (2021). Acute kidney injury in patients with severe COVID-19 in Mexico. PLoS ONE, 16(2): e0246595. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246595.
Chen, N., et al. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet, 395: 507–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
Chen, T., et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ, 368:m1091. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1091.
Cheng, Y., et al. (2020). Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005.
Chong, W. H. & Saha, B. (2021). Relationship Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Etiology of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Am. J. Med. Sci., 361(3):287–296. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.025.
Diao, B., et al. (2021). Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Nature Communications, 12:2506. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22781-1.
Galvão, T. F.; Pansani, T. S. A. & Harrad, D. (2015). Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA*. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde, 24(2): abr-jun. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000200017.
Ghobadi, H., et al. (2020). COVID-19 and acute kidney injury; a case report. J. Renal Inj Prev., 9(3): e26. https://doi.org/10.34172/jrip.2020.26.
Hirsch, J. S. et al. (2020). Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Kidney International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.006.
Hittesdorf, E., et al. (2021). Mortality and renal outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 treated in a provisional intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.12.012.
IME/USP (2021). Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade de São Paulo. Matemática Financeira. https://www.ime.usp.br/~salles/fatec/material_antigo/financeira/Matematica%20Financeira2.pdf.
KDIGO (2012). Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Definition and classification of AKI. Kidney International Supplements. Vol. 02.
Khwaja, A. (2012). KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract., 120:c179–c184. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339789.
Lai, C-C. et al. (2020). Extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106024.
Larsen, J. R. et al. (2020). Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 08. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00473.
Li, Z. et al. (2020). Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. Medrxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212.
Lima, A. A., et al. (2021). Characteristics of SARS-cov-2 aerosol dispersion in indoor air: scoping review. Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 4, e44310414300. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14300.
Maghool, F. et al. (2021). Gastrointestinal and renal complications in SARS-cov-2-infected patients: Role of immune system. Scand. J. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12999.
Murata, A., et al. (2018). Relationship between blood urea nitrogen‑to‑creatinine ratio at hospital admission and long‑term mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Heart and Vessels, 33:877–885. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-018-1135-3.
Nogueira, S. Á. R., et al. (2020). Renal changes and acute kidney injury in covid-19: a systematic review. VER. ASSOC. MED. BRAS. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.S2.112.
Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (2020). Histórico da pandemia de COVID-19. https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19/historico-da-pandemia-covid-19.
Ok, F. et al. (2021). Predictive values of blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio and other routine blood parameters on disease severity and survival of COVID‐19 patients. J. Med. Virol., 93:786–793. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26300.
Paek, J. H., et al. (2020). Severe acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with in-hospital mortality. Plos ONE, 15(12): e0243528. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243528.
Panitchote, A., et al. (2019). Factors associated with acute kidney injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann. Intensive Care. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-019-0552-5.
Peters, M. D. J. et al. (202). Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews (2020 version). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.
Qian, J-Y et al. (2021). Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.586589.
Rabb, H. (2020). Kidney diseases in the time of COVID-19: major challenges to patient care. J. Clin Invest., 130(6):2749–2751. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138871.
Ramirez-Sandoval, J. C. et al. (2021). Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Blood Purif., 50:355–363. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510996.
Sang, L., et al. (2020). The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01305-5.
Su, H., et al. (2020). Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003.
World Health Organization (2021a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_3.
World Health Organization (2021b). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int.
Yang, F., et al. (2020). Analysis of 92 deceased patients with COVID‐19. J. Med. Virol., 92:2511–2515. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25891.
Yang, R., et al. (2020). The role of essential organ-based comorbidities in the prognosis of COVID-19 infection patients. EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, 14(8), 835–838. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2020.1761791.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Anyele Albuquerque Lima; Alda Graciele Claudio dos Santo Almeida; Izabelly Carollynny Maciel Nunes; Patrícia de Albuquerque Sarmento; Wanda Tenório Barros Passos Alves
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.