Impacto del COVID-19 en los residentes de un condominio residencial vertical en la Región Sur, Brasil: prevención y automedicación

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27859

Palabras clave:

COVID-19; Vivienda; Prevención; Retirada social; Automedicación.

Resumen

La rápida propagación del COVID-19 a nivel mundial, resultante de la alta transmisibilidad viral del Sars-CoV-2, asociada a la falta de vacunas y antivirales específicos y eficaces para la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad, hizo que las intervenciones no farmacológicas fueran las opciones más eficientes para la mitigación y el control de la pandemia. Este estudio investigó las medidas preventivas adoptadas y el perfil de automedicación, en COVID-19, en residentes de un condominio residencial vertical en la ciudad de Curitiba, Paraná. Se realizó un estudio transversal con una técnica de muestreo de conveniencia. La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario en línea, previamente validado. Los resultados demuestran que las medidas preventivas fueron utilizadas por los participantes en la investigación, mientras que el 20% de los moradores positivos o en contacto con casos positivos para COVID-19 no recurrieron a la regla del aislamiento social, contribuyendo al aumento del número de infectados. La automedicación se observó en el 66% de los residentes y la ivermectina fue el medicamento más utilizado como prevención y tratamiento de la pandemia.  El uso irracional de la medicación y el incumplimiento del aislamiento social, incluso cuando es posible, son dificultades que retrasan la lucha contra el Sars-CoV-2

Citas

Ai, T., Yang, Z., Hou, H., Zhan, C., Chen, C., Lv, W., & Xia, L. (2020). Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology, 296(2), E32-E40. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642

Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140 6736(20)30567 5

Aquino, E. M., Silveira, I. H., Pescarini, J. M., Aquino, R., Souza-Filho, J. A. D., Rocha, A. D. S., & Lima, R. T. D. R. S. (2020). Medidas de distanciamento social no controle da pandemia de COVID-19: potenciais impactos e desafios no Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(1), 2423-2446. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10502020

Arrais, P. S. D., Fernandes, M. E. P., Pizzol, T. D. S. D., Ramos, L. R., Mengue, S. S., Luiza, V. L., & Bertoldi, A. D. (2016). Prevalência da automedicação no Brasil e fatores associados. Revista de Saúde Pública, 50. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050006117

Baggio, M. A., & Formaggio, F. M. (2009). Automedicação: desvelando o descuidado de si dos profissionais de enfermagem. Revista da Enfermagem UERJ, 224-228.

Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D. Y., Chen, L., & Wang, M. (2020). Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA, 323(14), 1406-1407. https:// doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2565

Bray, M., Rayner, C., Noël, F., Jans, D., & Wagstaff, K. (2020). Ivermectin and COVID-19: a report in Antiviral Research, widespread interest, an FDA warning, two letters to the editor and the authors' responses. Antiviral research, 178, 104805. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104805

Caly, L., Druce, J. D., Catton, M. G., Jans, D. A., & Wagstaff, K. M. (2020). The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral research, 178, 104787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787

Capolongo, S., Rebecchi, A., Buffoli, M., Appolloni, L., Signorelli, C., Fara, G. M., & D’Alessandro, D. (2020). COVID-19 and cities: From urban health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A decalogue of public health opportunities. Acta BioMedica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(2), 13. https:// doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9515

Carvalho, W., & Guimarães, A. S. (2020). Desinformação, Negacionismo e Automedicação: a relação da população com as drogas “milagrosas” em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. InterAmerican Journal of Medicine and Health, 3. https://doi.org/10.31005/lajmh.v3i0.147

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2020. Interim guidance for the use of masks to control seasonal influenza virus transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

Chandler, R. E. (2018). Serious neurological adverse events after ivermectin—do they occur beyond the indication of onchocerciasis? The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98(2), 382. https:// doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0042

Chaovavanich, A., Wongsawat, J., Dowell, S. F., Inthong, Y., Sangsajja, C., Sanguanwongse, N., & Waicharoen, S. (2004). Early containment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); experience from Bamrasnaradura Institute, Thailand. Journal-Medical Association of Thailand, 87(10), 1182-1187.

Cohen-Cline, H., Turkheimer, E., & Duncan, G. E. (2015). Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study. The Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 69(6), 523-529.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204667

Courtemanche, C., Garuccio, J., Le, A., Pinkston, J., & Yelowitz, A. (2020). Strong Social Distancing Measures In The United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate: Study evaluates the impact of social distancing measures on the growth rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases across the United States. Health Affairs, 39(7), 1237-1246. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00608

Cowling, B. J., & Aiello, A. E. (2020). Public health measures to slow community spread of coronavirus disease 2019. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 221(11), 1749-1751. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa123

D’Alessandro, D., Gola, M., Appolloni, L., Dettori, M., Fara, G. M., Rebecchi, A., & Capolongo, S. (2020). COVID-19 and living space challenge. Well-being and public health recommendations for a healthy, safe, and sustainable housing. Acta BioMedica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(9-S), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165973

Dietz, L., Horve, P. F., Coil, D. A., Fretz, M., Eisen, J. A., & Van Den Wymelenberg, K. (2020). 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: built environment considerations to reduce transmission. Msystems, 5(2), e00245-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00245-20

Engemann, K., Pedersen, C. B., Arge, L., Tsirogiannis, C., Mortensen, P. B., & Svenning, J. C. (2019). Residential green space in childhood is associated with lower risk of psychiatric disorders from adolescence into adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(11), 5188-5193. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807504116

Fahimipour, A. K., Hartmann, E. M., Siemens, A., Kline, J., Levin, D. A., Wilson, H., & Van Den Wymelenberg, K. (2018). Daylight exposure modulates bacterial communities associated with household dust. Microbiome, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0559-4

FDA (Food and Drug Administration). (2020). N95 respirators and surgical masks (face masks). Center for Devices, Radiological Health. Silver Spring, MD. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/n95-respirators-surgical-masks-face-masks-and-barrier-face-coverings

Fong, M. W., Gao, H., Wong, J. Y., Xiao, J., Shiu, E. Y., Ryu, S., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings—social distancing measures. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(5), 976. https:// doi: 10.3201/eid2605.190995

Garcia, A. L. D. F., Kaya, A. N. M., Ferreira, E. A., Gris, E. F., & Galato, D. (2018). Automedicação e adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso: avaliação dos participantes do programa Universidade do Envelhecer. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 21, 691-700. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.180106

Gérard, A., Romani, S., Fresse, A., Viard, D., Parassol, N., Granvuillemin, A., & Drici, M. D. (2020). “Off-label” use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: a survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers. Therapies, 75(4), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.002

González Canga, A., Sahagún Prieto, A. M., Diez Liébana, M. J., Fernández Martínez, N., Sierra Vega, M., & García Vieitez, J. J. (2008). The pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans—a mini-review. The AAPS Journal, 10(1), 42-46. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-007-9000-9

Horve, P. F., Lloyd, S., Mhuireach, G. A., Dietz, L., Fretz, M., MacCrone, G., & Ishaq, S. L. (2020). Building upon current knowledge and techniques of indoor microbiology to construct the next era of theory into microorganisms, health, and the built environment. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 30(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-019-0157-y

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2020). Estimativas da população 2020. https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/pr/curitiba.ht

Ismail, M., Warsame, A., & Wilhelmsson, M. (2022). An exploratory analysis of housing and the distribution of COVID-19 in Sweden. Buildings, 12(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010071

Julien, G. (2020). L'hydroxychloroquine n'est plus autorisée en France contre le Covid-19, hors essais cliniques. Outre-mer. https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/hydroxychloroquine-n-est-plus-autorisee-france-contrecovid-19-836808.html.

Kalil, A. C. (2020). Treating COVID-19—off-label drug use, compassionate use, and randomized clinical trials during pandemics. JAMA, 323(19), 1897-1898. https://doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4742

Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., & Steinmann, E. (2020). Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection, 104(3), 246-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022

Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (2001). Aggression and violence in the inner city: Effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior, 33(4), 543-571. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973124

Labib, S. M., Lindley, S., & Huck, J. J. (2020). Spatial dimensions of the influence of urban green-blue spaces on human health: A systematic review. Environmental Research, 180, 108869.

López-Medina, E., López, P., Hurtado, I. C., Dávalos, D. M., Ramirez, O., Martínez, E., & Caicedo, I. (2021). Effect of ivermectin on time to resolution of symptoms among adults with mild COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 325(14), 1426-1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108869

Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., de Vries, S., Spreeuwenberg, P., Schellevis, F. G., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2009). Morbidity is related to a green living environment. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63(12), 967-973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.079038

Makowska, M., Boguszewski, R., Nowakowski, M., & Podkowińska, M. (2020). Self-medication-related behaviors and Poland’s COVID-19 lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228344

Mega, E. R. (2020). Latin America's embrace of an unproven COVID treatment is hindering drug trials. Nature, 586(7830), 481-483.

Melo, J. R. R., Duarte, E. C., Moraes, M. V. D., Fleck, K., Silva, A. S. D. N., & Arrais, P. S. D. (2021). Reações adversas a medicamentos em pacientes com COVID-19 no Brasil: análise das notificações espontâneas do sistema de farmacovigilância brasileiro. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 37. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00245820

Molento, M. B. (2020). COVID-19 and the rush for self-medication and self-dosing with ivermectin: a word of caution. One Health, 10. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100148

Naves, J. D. O. S., Castro, L. L. C. D., Carvalho, C. M. S. D., & Merchán-Hamann, E. (2010). Automedicação: uma abordagem qualitativa de suas motivações. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 15, 1751-1762.

Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Mayr, V., Dobrescu, A. I., Chapman, A., Persad, E., Klerings, I., & Gartlehner, G. (2020). Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID‐19: a rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013574.pub2

Oliveira Faria, L. M., & de Sá Cunha, M. M. S. (2014). Perfil de Automedicação entre Estudantes de Medicina. Ciência Atual–Revista Científica Multidisciplinar do Centro Universitário São José, 4(2).

Oliveira, J. V. L., da Costa, F. B., do Nascimento Porfirio, V., da Silva, M. M. M., da Silva, N. C., de França, A. M. M., & da Silva Filho, L. S. (2021). A automedicação no período de pandemia de COVID-19: Revisão integrativa. Research, Society and Development, 10(3), e58610313762-e58610313762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13762

OMS. (2018). Housing and health guidelines. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276001/9789241550376-ng

OMS. (2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation reports. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/

OMS. (2020a). Overview of public health and social measures in the contexto of COVID-19 (Interim guidance). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/overviewof-public-health-and-social-measures-inthe-context-of-covid-19

OMS. (2020b). Supports scientifically-proven traditional medicine. Disponível em: https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-supports-scientifically-proven-traditional-medicine.

Ong, S. W. X., Tan, Y. K., Chia, P. Y., Lee, T. H., Ng, O. T., Wong, M. S. Y., & Marimuthu, K. (2020). Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. JAMA, 323(16), 1610-1612. https:// doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3227

Pearce, N. (2012). Classification of epidemiological study designs. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(2), 393-397.

Pereira, B. B. (2020). Challenges and cares to promote rational use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a timely review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 23(4), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1752340

Perlman, S. (2020). Another decade, another coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 760-762. https:// doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2001126

Quispe-Cañari, J. F., Fidel-Rosales, E., Manrique, D., Mascaró-Zan, J., Huamán-Castillón, K. M., Chamorro–Espinoza, S. E., & Mejia, C. (2020). Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 29 (1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.001

Riva, M., Larsen, C. V. L., & Bjerregaard, P. (2014). Household crowding and psychosocial health among Inuit in Greenland. International Journal of Public Health, 59(5), 739-748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0599-x

Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Gallego, V., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Méndez, C. A., Zambrano, L. I., Franco-Paredes, C., & Cimerman, S. (2020). COVID-19 in Latin America: The implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 35, 101613. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101613

Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433

Sadio, A. J., Gbeasor-Komlanvi, F. A., Konu, R. Y., Bakoubayi, A. W., Tchankoni, M. K., Bitty-Anderson, A. M., & Ekouevi, D. K. (2021). Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Togo. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10145-1

Santos, T. M., Zattar, T. A., de Alencar, B. T., Aleixo, M. L. M., Costa, B. M. S., & Lemos, L. M. S. (2022). Automedicação entre estudantes de enfermagem e medicina no Brasil: revisão integrativa. Research, Society and Development, 11(2), e54111213760-e54111213760. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.13760

Schuit, M., Gardner, S., Wood, S., Bower, K., Williams, G., Freeburger, D., & Dabisch, P. (2020). The influence of simulated sunlight on the inactivation of influenza virus in aerosols. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 221(3), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz582

SECOVI. Sindicato da Habitação e Condomínios (2020). Orientações para Enfrentamento da COVID-19. https://syndikos.com.br/orientacao-sobre-a-contencao-da-covid-19-nos-condominios/

Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Paraná (2020). Boletim de COVID-19. Departamento. de Atenção e Vigilância em Saúde, Curitiba, Paraná. https://www.saude.pr.gov.br/Pagina/Coronavirus-COVID-19

Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba (2020a). Decreto n° 421, de 16 de março de 2020. Declara Emergência em Saúde Pública, em decorrência da infecção humana pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Diário Oficial do Município, Curitiba.

Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba (2020b) Boletim Epidemiológico Informativo da Covid19 em 2020. https://saude.curitiba.pr.gov.br/images/Painel%20semanal%20sobre%20a%20evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20COVID.pdf

Sedgwick, P. (2013). Convenience sampling. BMJ, 347.

Septembre-Malaterre, A., Lalarizo Rakoto, M., Marodon, C., Bedoui, Y., Nakab, J., Simon, E., & Gasque, P. (2020). Artemisia annua, a traditional plant brought to light. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(14), 4986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144986

Souza, M. N. C., Ricardino, I. E. F., Sampaio, K., Silva, M. R., de Lima, A. P. G., Fernandes, D. L., & Mota, M. L. (2021). Ocorrência de Automedicação na população Brasileira como estratégia preventiva ao SARS-CoV-2. Research, Society and Development, 10(1), e44510111933-e44510111933. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11933

Stephens, B., Azimi, P., Thoemmes, M. S., Heidarinejad, M., Allen, J. G., & Gilbert, J. A. (2019). Microbial exchange via fomites and implications for human health. Current Pollution Reports, 5(4), 198-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00123-6

Team, E. (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020. China CDC Weekly, 2(8), 113.

Vandegrift, R., Fahimipour, A. K., Muscarella, M., Bateman, A. C., Van Den Wymelenberg, K., & Bohannan, B. J. (2019). Moving microbes: the dynamics of transient microbial residence on human skin. bioRxiv, 586008. https://doi.org/10.1101/586008

Wiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J., & Prescott, H. C. (2020). Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA, 324(8), 782-793. https:// doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12839

Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine. https:// doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa020

Zheng, R. S., Sun, K. X., Zhang, S. W., Zeng, H. M., Zou, X. N., Chen, R., & He, J. (2019). Report of cancer epidemiology in China, 2015. Chinese Journal of Oncology, 41(1), 19-28. https://doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2019.01.005

Publicado

26/03/2022

Cómo citar

SARTOR, E. de B.; COBRE, A. de F.; BUCH , D. R.; MONTRUCCHIO, D. P.; DIAS, J. de F. G.; MIGUEL, O. G.; PONTAROLO, R.; MIGUEL, M. D. Impacto del COVID-19 en los residentes de un condominio residencial vertical en la Región Sur, Brasil: prevención y automedicación. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 4, p. e56711427859, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27859. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/27859. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud