Patient with focal glioma exceeds life expectancy: case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.29370Keywords:
Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Brain stem; Survival; Case report.Abstract
Brain stem tumors are not just a single type of tumor, in fact, they are a variety of neoplasms of glial origin (gliomas). They are usually diagnosed in children aged 5 to 9 years. They may have a focal aspect (less than 2 cm) or a diffuse aspect (an infiltrative pattern). The survival of patients with focal gliomas is higher than that of patients with diffuse gliomas and, even if it is a low-grade glioma, life expectancy is a maximum of 15 years. The purpose of this report is to present the case of a six-year-old female patient with a focal brainstem tumor, located in the medulla oblongata, who had a life expectancy beyond those previously reported in the literature. It is not common to find patients whose survival exceeds expectations like the case reported. At the age of six, this patient diagnosed with a focal brainstem glioma located in the medulla oblongata, underwent treatment with chemoradiotherapy and survives. Currently she is 25 years old, with no neurocognitive disorders and with only a few motor alterations in the right side.
References
Anami, S., Fukai, J., Hama, M., Awaya, A., Inagaki, T., Chiba, T., Noda, Y., Kanemura, Y., Nakao, N., & Sonomura, T. (2021). Brainstem Infiltration Predicts Survival in Patients With High-grade Gliomas Treated With Chemoradiotherapy. Anticancer Research, 41(5), 2583-2589.
Bady, P., Kurscheid, S., Delorenzi, M., Gorlia, T., van den Bent, M. J., Hoang-Xuan, K., Vauléon, É., Gijtenbeek, A., Enting, R., Thiessen, B., Chinot, O., Dhermain, F., Brandes, A. A., Reijneveld, J. C., Marosi, C., Taphoorn, M., Wick, W., von Deimling, A., French, P., Stupp, R.., Baumert, B.G., & Hegi, M. E. (2018). The DNA methylome of DDR genes and benefit from RT or TMZ in IDH mutant low-grade glioma treated in EORTC 22033. Acta neuropathologica, 135(4), 601–615.
Baumert, B. G., Hegi, M. E., van den Bent, M. J., von Deimling, A., Gorlia, T., Hoang-Xuan, K., Brandes, A. A., Kantor, G., Taphoorn, M., Hassel, M. B., Hartmann, C., Ryan, G., Capper, D., Kros, J. M., Kurscheid, S., Wick, W., Enting, R., Reni, M., Thiessen, B., Dhermain, F. G., Bromberg, J. E., Feuvret, L., Reijneveld, J.C., Chinot, O.L.,Gijtenbeek, J.M., Rossiter, J.P., Dif, N., Balañà, C., Bravo-Marques, J., Clement, P.M., Marosi, C., Tzuk-Shina, T., Nordal, R.A., Rees, J., Lacombe, D., Mason, W.P., & Stupp, R. (2016). Temozolomide chemotherapy versus radiotherapy in high-risk low-grade glioma (EORTC 22033-26033): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 intergroup study. The Lancet. Oncology, 17(11), 1521–1532.
Bodeliwala, S., Kumar, V., & Singh, D. (2017). Neonatal Brain Tumors: A Review. Journal of neonatal surgery, 6(2), 30.
Brown, T. J., Bota, D. A., van Den Bent, M. J., Brown, P. D., Maher, E., Aregawi, D., Liau, L. M., Buckner, J. C., Weller, M., Berger, M. S., & Glantz, M. (2019). Management of low-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuro-oncology practice, 6(4), 249–258.
Dellaretti, M., Touzet, G., Reyns, N., Dubois, F., Gusmão, S., Pereira, J. L., & Blond, S. (2011). Correlation among magnetic resonance imaging findings, prognostic factors for survival, and histological diagnosis of intrinsic brainstem lesions in children. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 8(6), 539–543.
Dellaretti, M., Touzet, G., Reyns, N., Dubois, F., Gusmão, S., Pereira, J. L., & Blond, S. (2012). Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and histological diagnosis of intrinsic brainstem lesions in adults. Neuro-oncology, 14(3), 381–385.
González O. E., Casas C. & Bermúdez Y. M. (2017). State of the art: pediatric brain stem gliomas. Rev. Colomb. Cancerol, 21(4), 202-211.
Gozzano M. C. C., Milare L. de S. S. & Bernardo M. O. (2018). Glioma de tronco cerebral. Rev. Fac. Ciênc. Méd. Sorocaba, 20(3), 203, 187.
Isa O. N., Reyes C. M & Russo N. M. (2014). Tumores de tronco cerebral en niños tratados con radioterapia. Revista chilena de pediatria, 85(1), 40-45.
Isolan G. R., Marth V., Frizon L., Dini L., Dini S. & Yamaki V. N. et al. (2019). Surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy caused by gliomas in eloquent areas: experience report. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr, 77 ( 11 ), 797-805.
Jallo, G. I., Biser-Rohrbaugh, A., & Freed, D. (2004). Brainstem gliomas. Child's nervous system: ChNS: official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 20(3), 143–153.
Jenkinson, M. D., Barone, D. G., Bryant, A., Vale, L., Bulbeck, H., Lawrie, T. A., Hart, M. G., & Watts, C. (2018). Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 1(1), CD012788.
Labuschagne J. (2020). 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided surgery for focal pediatric brainstem gliomas: A preliminary study. Surgical neurology international, 11, 334.
Lawrie, T. A., Gillespie, D., Dowswell, T., Evans, J., Erridge, S., Vale, L., Kernohan, A., & Grant, R. (2019). Long-term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 8(8), CD013047.
Lima E. R., Resende J. A., Ibiapina C. da C., Maria de O. B. (2015). Análise de sobrevida de pacientes portadores de tumores do sistema nervoso central. Artigo Original. Rev. Med. Minas Gerais, 25 (Supl 6): S10-16.
Liu, H.; Qin, X.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, G. et al. (2021). Epidemiology and Survival of Patients With Brainstem Gliomas: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER Database. Front Oncol, 11: 692097.
Magdoom, K. N., Delgado, F., Bohórquez, A. C., Brown, A. C., Carney, P. R., Rinaldi, C., Mareci, T. H., Ewing, J. R., & Sarntinoranont, M. (2019). Longitudinal evaluation of tumor microenvironment in rat focal brainstem glioma using diffusion and perfusion MRI. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI, 49(5), 1322–1332.
Mahmoud, A. T., Enayet, A., & Alselisly, A. (2021). Surgical considerations for maximal safe resection of exophytic brainstem glioma in the pediatric age group. Surgical neurology international, 12, 310.
Mehta, V. S., Chandra, P. S., Singh, P. K., Garg, A., & Rath, G. K. (2009). Surgical considerations for 'intrinsic' brainstem gliomas: proposal of a modification in classification. Neurology India, 57(3), 274–281.
Negreiros, M. A., Batista, F. F., Cottar, S. B., & Acioly, M. A. (2019). Dorsally exophytic glioblastoma of the pons. BMJ case reports, 12(4), e228105.
Reyes-Botero, G., Mokhtari, K., Martin-Duverneuil, N., Delattre, J. Y., & Laigle-Donadey, F. (2012). Adult brainstem gliomas. The oncologist, 17(3), 388–397.
Rosso, L., Brock, C. S., Gallo, J. M., Saleem, A., Price, P. M., Turkheimer, F. E., & Aboagye, E. O. (2009). A new model for prediction of drug distribution in tumor and normal tissues: pharmacokinetics of temozolomide in glioma patients. Cancer research, 69(1), 120–127.
Ryu, C. H., Yoon, W. S., Park, K. Y., Kim, S. M., Lim, J. Y., Woo, J. S., Jeong, C. H., Hou, Y., & Jeun, S. S. (2012). Valproic acid downregulates the expression of MGMT and sensitizes temozolomide-resistant glioma cells. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2012, 987495.
Satoer, D., Visch-Brink, E., Dirven, C., & Vincent, A. (2016). Glioma surgery in eloquent areas: can we preserve cognition?. Acta neurochirurgica, 158(1), 35–50.
Scrigni, Adriana Vilma & Mantese, Beatriz Elida. (2021). Tumores de tronco encefálico: reflexión moral sobre la conducta quirúrgica. Revista Bioética [online], 29 (3), 475-480.
Sun, T., Xu, Y., Pan, C., Liu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, C., Di, F., & Zhang, L. (2020). Surgical treatment and prognosis of focal brainstem gliomas in children: A 7 year single center experience. Medicine, 99(36), e22029.
Torres, S., Lorente, M., Rodríguez-Fornés, F., Hernández-Tiedra, S., Salazar, M., García-Taboada, E., Barcia, J., Guzmán, M., & Velasco, G. (2011). A combined preclinical therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide against glioma. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 10(1), 90–103.
Van Dijken, B., van Laar, P. J., Holtman, G. A., & van der Hoorn, A. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging techniques for treatment response evaluation in patients with high-grade glioma, a systematic review and meta-analysis. European radiology, 27(10), 4129–4144.
Van Kessel, E., Baumfalk, A. E., van Zandvoort, M., Robe, P. A., & Snijders, T. J. (2017). Tumor-related neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with diffuse glioma: a systematic review of neurocognitive functioning prior to anti-tumor treatment. Journal of neuro-oncology, 134(1), 9–18.
Weyer-Jamora, C.; Brie, M. S.; Luks, T. L.; Smith, E. M. et al. (2021). Cognitive impact of lower-grade gliomas and strategies for rehabilitation. Neurooncol Pract, 8 (2), 117-128.
Wick, W., Roth, P., Hartmann, C., Hau, P., Nakamura, M., Stockhammer, F., Sabel, M. C., Wick, A., Koeppen, S., Ketter, R., Vajkoczy, P., Eyupoglu, I., Kalff, R., Pietsch, T., Happold, C., Galldiks, N., Schmidt-Graf, F., Bamberg, M., Reifenberger, G., Platten, M., von Deimling, A., Meisner, C., Wiestler, B., & Weller, M. (2016). Neurooncology Working Group (NOA) of the German Cancer Society (2016). Long-term analysis of the NOA-04 randomized phase III trial of sequential radiochemotherapy of anaplastic glioma with PCV or temozolomide. Neuro-oncology, 18(11), 1529–1537.
Yin, L., & Zhang, L. (2013). Correlation between MRI Findings and Histological Diagnosis of Brainstem glioma. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences/. Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, 40(3), 348–354.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Marcella da Rocha Ferreira; Larissa Alexsandra da Silva Neto Trajano; Eduardo Tavares Lima Trajano; Marco Aurelio dos Santos Silva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
