Pathophysiological aspects of ischemic stroke: a narrative review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i2.40218

Keywords:

Vascular accident; Pathophysiology; Semiology.

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) by a set of factors: abrupt development of focal signs, in reversible or global cases, the dysfunction must last for more than 24 hours (less than that, this is a transient ischemic attack). Given the epidemiological importance of stroke, this article aims to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. This study is a narrative review with the purpose of discussing and describing stroke and its pathophysiology, as well as demonstrating how this syndrome affects the personal lives of affected individuals. The following databases were used: SciElo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), with scientific data from December 2, 2022, with no language restriction and no restriction on the year of publication. As the nervous system commands the main functions of the human body, it needs oxygen in abundance and for this to occur, it has a large-scale circulatory system through the arterial branches, which supply blood. Those that originate from the corticality and the basal nuclei extend into a myriad of capillaries that interpose and anastomose successively, ensuring a complete collateral circulation. Anatomically, they are not terminal arteries and, functionally, they are close (in the sense that they allow infarcts) when other risk factors are placed before them. In short, the pathophysiology of stroke establishes a great relationship between the arteries suffered by the infarction and the clinical picture of the patient affected by the disease.

References

Abramczuk, B., & Vilela, E., (2019). A luta contra o AVC no Brasil. Com Ciência, n. 109, p. 0-0.

Aldrich MS, et al (1987). Cegueira cortical: etiologia, diagnóstico e prognóstico. Ana Neurol. 21 (2):149-58.

Arboix, A. (2015). Cardiovascular risk factors for acute stroke: Risk profiles in the different subtypes fischemicstroke.World ClinCases,3(5):418-429.

Capes, S. E., et al (2002). Hiperglicemia de estresse e prognóstico de acidente vascular cerebral em pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos. visão sistemática; 32 (10):2426-32.

Cassella, C. R., & Jagoda, A. (2017). AVC isquêmico: Avanços no diagnóstico e gerenciamento. Emerg Med Clin North Am; 35 (4):911-930.

Cereda, C., & Carrera, E. (2012). Infartos do território da artéria cerebral posterior. Front Neurol Neurosci; 30 :128-31.

Chugh, C. (2019). Acute Ischemic Stroke: Management Approach. Indian J Crit Care Med;23(Suppl 2):S140-S146.10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23192

Connell, L. A., et al (2008). Comprometimento somatossensorial após acidente vascular cerebral: frequência de diferentes déficits e sua recuperação. Clin Reabilitação; 22 (8):758-67.

Goyal, L. M., et al. (2015). Randomized Assesment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment Ischemic Stroke.The New England Journal of Medicine,372;11–1019.

Hui, C., et al (2022). Ischemic Stroke. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.

Jensen, M. B., & St Louis, E. K. (2005). Manejo do AVC Cerebelar Agudo. Arch Neurol. 62 (4):537-44.

Johnston, K. C., & Worrall, B. B. (2003). Online Reliability Study (TRACTORS) para avaliação aguda de AVC. Telemed JE Saúde; 9 (3):227-33. 2003.

Kumral, E., et al (2002). Espectro do infarto do território da artéria cerebral anterior: achados clínicos e de ressonância magnética. Eur J Neurol. novembro de, 9 (6):615-24.

Lobo, P. G. G. A., et al (2021). Epidemiology of the ischemic cerebrovascular accident in Brazil in the year of 2019, an analysis from an age group perspective. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 4(1), 3498–3505.

Lui, F., et al (2022). StatPearls. Publicação StatPearls; Treasure Island (FL). Central Vertigo.

Pereira, A. S., et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Santa Maria/RS. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.

Prabhakaran, S., & Ruff, I. R. A. (2015). Acute Stroke Intervention A Systematic Review. Jama, 313 (14).

Pupo, P. P. (1944). Fisiopatologia dos acidentes vasculares do cérebro. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, v. 2, p. 83–96.

Puri, I., et al (2019). Educação relacionada ao AVC para a equipe do departamento de emergência: uma iniciativa de melhoria da qualidade do atendimento ao AVC agudo. Neurol Índia. 67 (1):129-133.

Sandercock, P. A., et al (2014) Terapia antiplaquetária oral para AVC isquêmico agudo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (3):CD000029.

Seshadri, S., et al (2006). O risco de acidente vascular cerebral ao longo da vida: estimativas do Estudo de Framingham. Derrame; 37 (2):345-50.

Tadi, P., & Lui, F. (2022). AVC agudo. StatPearls. Ilha do Tesouro (FL); 2022.

Wardlaw J M (2005). O que causa o AVC lacunar? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 76 (5):617-9.

Downloads

Published

10/02/2023

How to Cite

RIOS, M. M. .; ALVES, M. V. M. .; SILVA , G. F. de P. .; SOUSA JÚNIOR , J. A. de .; BERNARDO, H. M. E. .; COUTO , K. G. .; MORAES FILHO, A. O. de .; RIBEIRO, L. L. .; LIMA JÚNIOR , P. R. O. de .; VASCONCELOS, F. M. de . Pathophysiological aspects of ischemic stroke: a narrative review. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. e24112240218, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i2.40218. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40218. Acesso em: 20 apr. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Marcella Maciel Rios; Maria Vitória Martins Alves; Giovana Ferreira de Paula Silva ; Joel Alves de Sousa Júnior ; Hátila Marques Eterno Bernardo; Karinny Guimarães Couto ; Antonio Oliveira de Moraes Filho; Laura Lima Ribeiro; Paulo Ricardo Oliveira de Lima Júnior ; Fabiola Monteiro de Vasconcelos

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.