Alternativas para la reutilización de residuos textiles

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10613

Palabras clave:

Desechos textiles; Economía circular; Moldeo por compresión; Reciclaje mecánico; Reciclaje químico.

Resumen

Los productos textiles son indispensables en el día a día, estando presentes en diferentes formatos y características. Sin embargo, la industria textil es el segundo contaminante más grande del mundo debido a las pocas técnicas de reutilización y reciclaje que tienen grandes impactos ambientales. Los datos muestran que el reciclaje de residuos textiles no llega al 25% de lo que se genera, produciendo así alrededor de 1.200 millones de toneladas de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero al año. El reciclaje de residuos textiles se considera de gran necesidad y viabilidad en la implementación del concepto de economía circular, pero es un desafío, especialmente porque estos residuos suelen estar mezclados con otras fibras. En este sentido, el presente trabajo presenta el concepto de economía circular relacionado con la industria textil y las formas de reciclar tejidos, con el objetivo de reducir los impactos ambientales. La economía circular presenta un modelo capaz de desvincular el crecimiento económico de la generación de residuos, transformando los residuos en nuevos productos y materiales con la máxima eficiencia, con el objetivo de alcanzar un modelo económico con cero residuos, imprescindible para lograr un crecimiento sostenible. La transición a una economía circular debe comenzar con la prevención de residuos y la minimización de residuos depositados en vertederos y finalmente la implementación de procesos de reciclaje. Los diferentes procesos de reciclaje demostraron ser prometedores en el sentido de contribuir significativamente a la economía circular. Las principales tecnologías de reciclaje incluyen el proceso de moldeo por compresión en caliente, el proceso de reciclaje mecánico y el proceso de reciclaje químico para residuos textiles.

Citas

Agrawal, Y., Barhanpurka, S., & Joshi, A. (2017). Recycle textiles waste. Recuperado de http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industryarticle/ 6798/recycle-textiles-waste.

Amaral, M. C., Zonatti, W. F., Silva, K. L., Junior, D. K., Neto, J. A., & Ramos, J. B. (2018). Industrial textile recycling and reuse in Brazil: case study and considerations concerning the circular economy. Gestão e Produção, 25, 431-443.

Boiten, V. J., Li-Chou Han, S., & Tyler, D. (2017). Circular Economy Stakeholder Perspectives: Textile collection strategies to support material circularity. Recuperado de http://resyntex. eu/images/downloads/ValrieJBoiten_Textile_collection_ strategies.pdf.

Circle Economy. (2017). Circle Textiles: Closing The Loop For Workwear. Recuperado de

http://www.rebus.eu.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/CIRCLE-Textiles-CLOSING-THE-LOOP-FOR-WORKWEAR.pdf.

Claudio, L. (2007). Waste couture: Environmental impact of the clothing industry. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115, 449-454.

Dahlbo, H., Aalto, K., Eskelinen, H., & Salmenperä, H. (2017). Increasing textile circulation - consequences and requirements. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 9, 44-57.

Danigelis, A. (2017). Retailers bank on environmentally friendly clothing for increased sales. Recuperado de https://www.environmentalleader.com/2017/07/retailers-bank-environmentally -friendly-clothing-increased-sales/.

De Paoli, A. (2015). Towards the circular economy: Identifying local and regional government policies for developing a circular economy in the fashion and textiles sector in Vancouver, Canada. Recuperado de https://www.vancouvereconomic.com/research/towards-the-circular-economy/.

Durham, E., Hewitt, A., Bell, R., & Russell, S. (2015). Technical Design for Recycling of Clothing. Sustainable Apparel, 187-198.

Echeverria, C. A., Handoko, W., Pahlevani, F., & Sahajwalla, A. (2019). Cascading use of textile waste for the advancement of fibre reinforced composites for building applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 1524-1536.

Eder-Hansen, J., Chalmer, C., Tärneberg, S., Tochtermann, T., Seara, J., Boger, S., Theelen, G., Schwarz, S., Kristensen, L., & Jäger, K. (2017). Pulse the fashion industry: Global Fashion Agenda &AMP. The Boston Consulting Group, 1-74.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey. (2014). Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the Scale-up across Global Supply Chains, Rapport. World Economic Forum, Switzerland. Recuperado de https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/what-is-the-circular-economy?gclid=CjwKCAiA_Kz-BRAJEiwAhJNY76QyUrgjW 5S1jWqf28QG3PxRtmif22lAnRUJG11AF2pNZpzWL4DuxhoCNJwQAvD_BwE.

Euratex. (2017). The European Apparel And Textile Confederation: Policy brief. Prospering in the circular economy. Recuperado de http://pr.euractiv.com/sites/default/files/ pr/SB-26-2017_A1_EURATEX_CE_policy_brief.pdf.

Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C., & Ulgiati, S. (2016). “A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32.

Hu, Y., Du, C., Leu, S. Y., Jing, H., Li, X., & Lin, C. S. K. (2018). Valorisation of textile waste by fungal solid state fermentation: an example of circular waste-based biorefinery. Resources, conservation and recycling. 129, 27-35.

Jordeva, S., Tomovska, E., Trajković, D., & Zafirova, K. (2015). Current State of Pre-Consumer Apparel Waste Management in Macedonia. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 109, 13-16.

Kocic, A., Bizjak, M., Popovi, C, D., Popari, C, G. B., & Stankovi, C, S. B. (2019). UV protection afforded by textile fabrics made of natural and regenerated cellulose fibres. Journal of cleaner production, 228, 1229-1237.

Koszewska, M. (2018). Circular Economy - Challenges for the Textile and Clothing Industry. Autex Research Journal, 18, 337-347.

Leal Filho, W., Ellams, D., Han, S., Tyler, D., Boiten, V. J., Paco, A., Moora, H., & Balogun, A. L. (2019). A review of the socio-economic advantages of textile recycling. Journal of cleaner production, 218, 10-20.

Lewis, T. (2015). Apparel disposal and reuse. In Sustainable apparel - production, processing and recycling. Blackburn, R.: Elsevier.

Navone, L., Moffitt, K., Hansen, K., Blinco, J., Payne, A., & Speight, R. (2020). Closing the textile loop: Enzymatic fibre separation and recycling of wool/polyester fabric blends. Waste Management, 102, 149-160.

Norup, N., Pihl, K., Damgaard, A., & Scheutz, C. (2018). Development and testing of a sorting and quality assessment method for textile waste. Waste Management, 79, 8-21.

Oliveira Neto, G. C., Correia, J. M. F., Silva, P. C., Sanches, A. G. O., & Lucato, W. C. (2019) Cleaner Production in the textile industry and its relationship to sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 1514-1525.

Ouchi, A., Toida, T., Kumaresan, S., Ando, W., & Kato, J. (2010). A new methodology to recycle polyester from fabric blends with cellulose. Cellulose, 17, 215-222.

Papadopoulos, A. M. (2005). State of the art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments. Energy and Buildings, 37, 77-86.

Păunescu, C., Găucă, O., & Drăgan, D. (2017). “Examining obligations to society for QS Stars best ranked universities in social responsibility”, Management & Marketing, 12, 551-570.

Payne, A. (2015). Open- and closed-loop recycling of textile and apparel products (Ed.) Muthu, S.S. In Handbook of life cycle assessment (LCA) of textiles and clothing, Woodhead Publishing, 103-123.

Peña-Pichardo, P., Martínez-Barrera, G., Martínez-López, M., Ureña-Núñez, F., Reis, J. M. L., & Laredo, J. M. (2018). Recovery of cotton fibers from waste Blue-Jeans and its use in polyester concrete. Construction & Building Materials, 177, 409-416.

Ramamoorthy, S. K., Persson, A., & Skrifvars, M. (2014). Reusing Textile Waste as Reinforcements in Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131, 01-16.

Ramamoorthy, S. K., Skrifvars, M. Alagar, R., & Akhtar, N. (2018). End-Of-Life Textiles as Reinforcements in Biocomposites. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26, 487-498.

Sandin, G., & Peters, G. M. (2018). Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 184, 353-365.

Staicu, D. (2018). Financial sustainability of social enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe, Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 12, 907-917.

Teunissen, J. (2017). Fashion data: On the failing fashion system and alternative solutions. Recuperado de https://tijdelijkmodemuseum.hetnieuweinstituut.nl/en/fashion-data-failing-fashion-system-and-alternative-solutions-jose-teunissen-0.

Trajković, D., Jordeva, S., Tomovska, E., & Zafirova, K. (2017). Polyester apparel cutting waste as insulation material. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 108, 1238-1245.

Wang, H., Kaur, G., Pensupa, N., Uisan, K., Du, C., Yang, X., & Lin, C. S. K. (2018). Textile waste valorization using submerged filamentous fungal fermentation. Process safety and environmental protection, 118, 143-151.

Yousef, S., Tatariants, M., Tichonovas, M., Kliucininkas, L., Lukošiūtė, S., & Yan, L. (2020). Sustainable green technology for recovery of cotton fibers and polyester from textile waste. Journal of cleaner production, 254, 1-11.

Yousef, S., Tatariants, M., Tichonovas, M., Sarwar, Z., Jonu I. S., & Kliucininkas, L. (2019). A new strategy for using textile waste as a sustainable source of recovered cotton. Resources, conservation and recycling, 145, 359-369.

Zhang, H., Gao, Z., Liu, Y., Ran, C., Mao, X., Kang, Q., Ao, W., Fu, J., Li, J., Liu, G., & Dai, J. (2018). Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge, and migration and distribution of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 355, 128-135.

Zonatti, W. F., Amaral, M. C., Gasi, F., Ramos, J. B., & Duleba, W. (2015). Waste Recycling in the Textile and Clothing Sector in Brazil: An Overview and Related Actions. Sustentabilidade em Debate, 6, 50-69.

Zou, Y., Reddy, N., & Yang, Y. (2011). Reusing polyester/cotton blend fabrics for composites. Composites, 42, 763-770.

Publicado

10/12/2020

Cómo citar

VELICKO, A. J.; AMRGINSKI, R. L.; HEMKEMEIER, M. Alternativas para la reutilización de residuos textiles. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 11, p. e96291110613, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10613. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/10613. Acesso em: 6 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ingenierías