Evaluar la calidad, legibilidad y confiabilidad de la información en línea sobre COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10680

Palabras clave:

Acceso a la Información; Infecciones por Coronavirus; Red social.

Resumen

Durante una crisis de salud pública, la difusión de información confiable, consejos y opiniones de expertos es esencial para mejorar la comprensión pública de las amenazas para la salud potenciales o reales y permite al público tomar decisiones informadas sobre las medidas de mitigación de riesgos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad, confiabilidad y legibilidad de la información basada en Internet sobre COVID-19 disponible en los motores de búsqueda más utilizados de Brasil. Se seleccionaron un total de 68 sitios web a través de Google, Bing y Yahoo. La calidad y confiabilidad del contenido de los sitios web se evaluó mediante el cuestionario DISCERN, los criterios del Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) y la presencia de la certificación Health on Net (HON). La legibilidad fue evaluada por Flesch Reading Ease adaptado al portugués brasileño (FRE-BP). Los contenidos de la web se consideraron de calidad moderada a baja según las puntuaciones medias de DISCERN y JAMA. La mayor parte de la muestra presentó niveles de lectura muy difíciles y solo el 7,4% presentó certificación HON. Los sitios web de naturaleza de autoría gubernamental y relacionada con la salud mostraron puntuaciones medias de JAMA más bajas y las medidas de calidad y legibilidad no se correlacionaron con el tipo de contenido de las páginas web. Los contenidos relacionados con COVID-19 disponibles en línea se consideraron de calidad baja a moderada y no accesibles para la población en general. Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de realizar más esfuerzos para mejorar la calidad del contenido relacionado con la salud en Internet, especialmente durante las emergencias de salud pública.

Citas

Abd-Alrazaq, A., Alhuwail, D., Househ, M., Hamdi, M., & Shah, Z. (2020). Top Concerns of Tweeters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(4), e19016.

Afshin, A., Babalola, D., Mclean, M., Yu, Z., Ma, W., Chen, C. Y., Arabi, M., & Mozaffarian, D. (2016). Information Technology and Lifestyle: A Systematic Evaluation of Internet and Mobile Interventions for Improving Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, Tobacco, and Alcohol Use. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(9).

Aguirre, P. E. A., Coelho, M. M., Rios, D., Machado, M. A. A. M., Cruvinel, A. F. P., & Cruvinel, T. (2017). Evaluating the Dental Caries-Related Information on Brazilian Websites: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(12).

Batista, M. J., Lawrence, H. P., & Sousa Mda, L. (2018). Oral health literacy and oral health outcomes in an adult population in Brazil. BMC Public Health, 18.

Berland, G. K., Elliott, M. N., Morales, L. S., Algazy, J. I., Kravitz, R. L., Broder, M. S., Kanouse, D. E., Muñoz, J. A., Puyol, J. A., Lara, M, Watkins, K. E., Yang, H., & McGlynn, E. A. (2001). Health information on the Internet: accessibility, quality, and readability in English and Spanish. Jama, 285(20), 2612-2621.

Carrieri, V., Madio, L., & Principe, F. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy and (fake) news: Quasi-experimental evidence from Italy. Health Economics Letter, 28(11), 1377-1382.

Cervellin G., Comelli I., & Lippi G. (2017). Is Google Trends a Reliable Tool for Digital Epidemiology? Insights From Different Clinical Settings. Journal of epidemiology and global health,7:185-189.

Cuan-Baltazar, J. Y., Munoz-Perez, M. J., Robledo-Vega, C., Perez-Zepeda, M. F., & Soto-Vega, E. (2020). Misinformation of COVID-19 on the Internet: Infodemiology Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(2), e18444.

Discern. DISCERN TOOL (n. d.). http://www.discern.org.uk/.

Effenberger, M., Kronbichler, A., Shin, J. I., Mayer, G., Tilg, H., & Perco, P. (2020). Association of the COVID-19 pandemic with Internet Search Volumes: A Google Trends(TM) Analysis. Int Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Eysenbach, G., Powell, J., Kuss, O., & Sa, E. R. (2002). Empirical studies assessing the quality of health information for consumers on the world wide web: a systematic review. Jama, 287(20), 2691-2700.

Eysenbach, G. (2009) Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet. Journal of medical Internet research 11:e11.

Farooq, A., Laato, S., & Islam, A. K. M. N. (2020). Impact of Online Information on Self-Isolation Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(5).

Febres-Cordero, B., Brouwer, K. C., Rocha-Jimenez, T., Fernandez-Casanueva, C., Morales-Miranda, S., & Goldenberg, S. M. (2018). Influence of peer support on HIV/STI prevention and safety amongst international migrant sex workers: A qualitative study at the Mexico-Guatemala border. PLoS One, 13(1), e0190787.

Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, W., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231924.

Hon, T. Health on the Net (HON) (n. d.). https://www.hon.ch/en/

Hua, J., & Shaw, R. (2020). Corona Virus (COVID-19) "Infodemic" and Emerging Issues through a Data Lens: The Case of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7).

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century (2002). Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221239/

Jo, J. H., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. R., Kim, M. J., Chung, J. W., & Park, J. W. (2018). Quality and readability of internet-based information on halitosis. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 125(3), 215-222.

Kouzy, R., Abi Jaoude, J., Kraitem, A., El Alam, M. B., Karam, B., Adib, E., Zarka, J., Traboulsi, C., Akl, E. W., & Baddour, K. (2020). Coronavirus Goes Viral: Quantifying the COVID-19 Misinformation Epidemic on Twitter. Cureus, 12(3), e7255.

Laugesen, J., Wu, H., Lu, X., & Zhang, R. (2019). Impact of Physician-Patient Communication in Online Health Communities on Patient Compliance: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(5).

Lee, H., Chalmers, N. I., Brow, A., Boynes, S., Monopoli, M., Doherty, M., Croom, O., & Engineer, L. (2018). Person-centered care model in dentistry. BMC Oral Health, 18(1), 198.

Lopez-Jornet, P., & Camacho-Alonso, F. (2009). The quality of internet sites providing information relating to oral cancer. Oral Oncology, 45(9), e95-98.

Lopez-Jornet, P., & Camacho-Alonso, F. (2010). The quality of internet information relating to oral leukoplakia. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 15(5), e727-731.

Lu, X., Zhang, R., Wu, W., Shang, X., & Liu, M. (2018). Relationship Between Internet Health Information and Patient Compliance Based on Trust: Empirical Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(8), e253.

Miguens-Vila, R., Ledesma-Ludi, Y., Rodriguez-Lozano, F., Varela-Centelles, P., Seoane-Romero, J. M., & Castelo-Baz, P. (2018). Disparities between English and Spanish in readability of online endodontic information for laypeople. The Journal of The American Dental Association, 149(11), 960-966.

Panuganti, B. A., Jafari, A., MacDonald, B., & DeConde, A. S. (2020). Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 163(3), 491–497.

Passos, K. K. M. P., Leonel, A. C. L. S., Bonan, P. R. F., Castro, J. F. L., Pontual, M. L. A., Ramos-Perez, F. M. M., & Perez, D. E. C. (2020) Quality of information about oral cancer in Brazilian Portuguese available on Google, Youtube, and Instagram. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 25:e346-e352.

Pereira, A.S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [eBook]. Santa Maria. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM. Available at: https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1.

Petersen, C. L., Weeks, W. B., Norin, O., & Weinstein, J. N. (2019). Development and Implementation of a Person-Centered, Technology-Enhanced Care Model For Managing Chronic Conditions: Cohort Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(3), e11082.

Priyanka, P., Hadi, Y. B., & Reynolds, G. J. (2018). Analysis of the Patient Information Quality and Readability on Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) on the Internet. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2018, 2849390.

Pulido, C. M., Ruiz-Eugenio, L., Redondo-Sama, G., & Villarejo-Carballido, B. (2020). A New Application of Social Impact in Social Media for Overcoming Fake News in Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7).

Readable.io. Readibility Score (n. d.). https://readable.io/

Silberg, W. M., Lundberg, G. D., & Musacchio, R. A. (1997). Assessing, controlling, and assuring the quality of medical information on the Internet: Caveant lector et viewor--Let the reader and viewer beware. Jama, 277(15), 1244-1245.

Sobota, A., & Ozakinci, G. (2015). The quality and readability of online consumer information about gynecologic cancer. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 25(3), 537-541.

Statcounter. (2020). Search Engine Market Share Brazil. Retrieved April 20, 2020, from https://gs.statcounter.com/search-engine-market-share/all/brazil.

Wahl, C., Gregoire, J. P., Teo, K., Beaulieu, M., Labelle, S., Leduc, B., Cochrane, B., Lapointe, L., & Montague, T. (2005). Concordance, compliance and adherence in healthcare: closing gaps and improving outcomes. Healthcare quarterly (Toronto, Ont.), 8(1), 65-70.

World Health Organization (2017). Communicating risk in public health emergencies: a WHO guideline for emergency risk communication (ERC) policy and practice Switzerland. ISBN 978-92-4-155020-8

Yang, T., Gentile, M., Shen, C. F., & Cheng, C. M. (2020). Combining Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel), 10(4).

Zarocostas, J. (2020). How to fight an infodemic. Lancet, 395(10225), 676. http://doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30461-x

Descargas

Publicado

13/12/2020

Cómo citar

LINS-FILHO, P. C. .; ARAÚJO, M. M. S. de; MACÊDO, T. S. de; FERREIRA, A. K. A. .; MELO, M. C. F. de .; FREITAS, J. L. de M. .; SILVA, E. L. M. S. da .; CALDAS, T. U.; GODOY, G. P.; CALDAS JR., A. de F. . Evaluar la calidad, legibilidad y confiabilidad de la información en línea sobre COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 12, p. e3591210680, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10680. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/10680. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud