COVID-19 – El enemigo invisible: impactos em la salud mental de los estudiantes y las estrategias de afrontamiento

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.12144

Palabras clave:

Ansiedad; Depresión; Temor; Terapias complementarias; Aislamiento social.

Resumen

La pandemia de COVID-19 es un evento histórico irreflexivo con un impacto en todos los aspectos de la vida, especialmente ocupacional y mental. En pocos meses cambió la vida cotidiana y las relaciones sociales y, además del desapego social, el aislamiento o la cuarentena, la población mundial vive con miedo, inseguridad y pérdidas humanas y económicas. Los jóvenes, principalmente mujeres, con antecedentes psiquiátricos y sin apoyo social son más vulnerables a las consecuencias psicoemocionales de la pandemia. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar el impacto del COVID-19 en la salud mental de los estudiantes y sus estrategias de afrontamiento. Se trata de un estudio observacional con método cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por estudiantes de salud de una universidad pública del estado de Paraíba, Brasil. En junio de 2020, un período de aislamiento social, los participantes fueron reclutados en plataformas digitales. El enlace del cuestionario disponible en los formularios de Google se puso a disposición en Instagram y WhatsApp. 56 estudiantes asistieron a la convocatoria, la mayoría mujeres. Los síntomas más prevalentes durante el aislamiento social fueron: ansiedad (76.8%), preocupación (71.4%), miedo (62.5%), insomnio (60.7%) y tristeza (55.4%). Los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y desesperanza fueron más frecuentes en las estudiantes más jóvenes con percepciones negativas de la salud. En cuanto a estrategias de afrontamiento, destacan las terapias complementarias y la conversación con amigos y familiares. La salud mental demanda una convergencia de esfuerzos y espera acciones institucionales para manejar el impacto psicoemocional y neurobiológico de COVID-19 de manera integrada e integral.

Biografía del autor/a

Ana Lúcia Basilio Carneiro, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Ana Lúcia Basilio Carneiro has a degree in Dentistry, besides being a specialist in Psychobiology, Pathological Anatomy and Acupuncture, a Master in Psychobiology and a Ph.D in Biotechnology. She is trained in Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy, Bioelectrography, Reiki, Microsystem of the Auricle, Yamamoto's Craniopuncture, Cupping therapy, Xing Nao Kai Qiao (Acupuncture to treat post-stroke sequelae or CVA), ThetaHealing® Basic DNA and Magnetista Emeritus. Currrenty, she teaches Neuroanatomy at the Health Sciences Center (CCS) in Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). She is the head of the research group “NeuroConexõesUFPB” (UFPB/CNPq) and coordinator of the teaching, research and extension project “NeuroConexões: health, well-being and integrative and complementary practices”.

Semírames Cartonilho de Souza Ramos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Semirames Cartonilho de Souza Ramos has a degree in Nursing and is a specialist in Obstetric Nursing, Neonatal ICU and Urgency and Emergency. She is also a Master in Public Health, a Ph.D in Gynecology, Mastology and Obstetrics. Trained in Integrative Community Therapy, she is currently a professor of Women's Health and Methodology of Scientific Work at Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Furthermore, she is a researcher with the “NeuroConexõesUFPB” group (UFPB/CNPq) and assistant coordinator of the project “NeuroConexões: health, well-being and integrative and complementary practices”.

Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Possui Graduação, Mestrado e Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária pela Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Atualmente é professor da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Tem experiência nas áreas de Medicina Veterinária, Epidemiologia, Experimentação animal e Bioestatística. É colaborador do projeto de ensino, extensão e pesquisa NeuroConexões: saúde, bem-estar e práticas integrativas e complementares.

Lindair Alves da Silva, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires

Lindair Alves da Silva has a degree in Medicine from Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) and undergraduated in History from Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). He is a specialist in Family Health and Neurology, besides being a Physician at Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires in Santa Rita-PB and Hospital de Trauma e Emergência Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa-PB. He is part of the research group “NeuroConexõesUFPB” and contributor of the teaching, extension and research project “NeuroConexões: Health, well-being and integrative and complementary practices”. He is also interested in Neuroepidemiology, headache and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Gleydson Grangeiro de Lima, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Health Sciences Center, Department of Dentistry.

Lincoln Basilio Alves, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Lincoln Basilio Alves undergraduated from Medical School. He is a researcher oriented to innovation, with an administrative and health care perspective and a bias in marketing and entrepreneurship. He is a member of the research group “NeuroConexõesUFPB” (UFPB/CNPq).

Mariana Nunes Azevedo de Melo, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Health Sciences Center, Department of Speech Therapy.

Conceição de Maria Bezerra de Melo, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Health Sciences Center , Department of Occupational Therapy.

Citas

Brandtner, M., & Bardagi, M. (2009). Sintomatologia de depressão e ansiedade em estudantes de uma universidade privada do Rio Grande do Sul. Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia, 2(2), 81-91.

Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748.

Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934

Carneiro, A. L. B., Ramos, S. C. D. S., Ribeiro, R. M., Melo, C. D. M. B. D., Melo, M. N. A. D., Aguiar, P. K. F. D., . . . Falcão, P. B. L. (2020). Terapia Comunitária Integrativa em Tempos de Pandemia: Encontros, encantos, (con)vivências e partilhas que transcendem as telas. Research, Society and Development, 9(11), e2869119785. doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9785

Cunha, J. A. (2017). Manual da Versão em Português das Escalas Beck. São Paulo: Pearson Clinical Brasil.

Gagliato, M. (2020). Guia Preliminar: como lidar com os aspectos psicossociais e de saúde mental referente ao surto de COVID–19. Versão, 1.5, 2020-03

Goldmann, E., & Galea, S. (2014). Mental Health Consequences of Disasters. Annual Review of Public Health, 35(1), 169-183. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182435

Hao, F., Tan, W., Jiang, L., Zhang, L., Zhao, X., Zou, Y., . . . Tam, W. (2020). Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 100-106. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.069

Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., . . . Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1

Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., . . . Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11-17. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028

Khan, A. H., Sultana, M. S., Hossain, S., Hasan, M. T., Ahmed, H. U., & Sikder, M. T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health & wellbeing among home-quarantined Bangladeshi students: A cross-sectional pilot study. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/97s5r

Naguy, A., Moodliar-Rensburg, S. & Alamiri, B. (2020). Coronaphobia and chronophobia – A psychiatric perspective. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, s. 102050. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102050

Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). Pandemia de medo e COVID-19: impacto na saúde mental e possíveis estratégicas. Revista Debates in Psychiatry.

Perales, A. et al. (2019). Prevalencia y factores asociados a conducta suicida en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Perú. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina, 80 (1), s. 28–33. doi:10.15381/anales. v80i1.15865

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da Pesquisa Científica (UAB/NTE/UFSM Ed.). Santa Maria. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1

Organização Mundial de Saúde. (2000). Prevenção do Suicídio: um manual para profissionais da saúde em atenção primária. Genebra. https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/en/suicideprev_phc_port.pdf

Rubin, G. J. & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ, 368. s. m313. doi:10.1136/bmj.m313

Sher, L. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(10), 707-712. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202

Stella, F., & Sommerhalder, A. (2000). Sintomas Mentais e Consumo de Álcool por Estudantes da UNESP, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, SP. Educação: Teoria e Prática, 8(14/15). http://hdl.handle.net/11449/107464

Stopa, S. R., Malta, D. C., Oliveira, M. M. d., Lopes, C. d. S., Menezes, P. R., & Kinoshita, R. T. (2015). Prevalência do autorrelato de depressão no Brasil: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 18 (suppl 2), s. 170–180. doi:10.1590/1980-5497201500060015

Talevi, D., Socci, V., Carai, M., Carnaghi, G., Faleri, S., Trebbi, E., . . . Pacitti, F. (2020). Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Rivista di Psichiatria, 55(3), 137-144. doi:10.1708/3382.33569

Tang, W., Hu, T., Hu, B., Jin, C., Wang, G., Xie, C., . . . Xu, J. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009

Tortella-Feliu, M., Fullana, M. A., Pérez-Vigil, A., Torres, X., Chamorro, J., Littarelli, S. A., . . . González-Parra, J. A. (2019). Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 107, 154-165.

Varatharaj, A., Thomas, N., Ellul, M. A., Davies, N. W. S., Pollak, T. A., Tenorio, E. L., . . . Plant, G. (2020). Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 875-882. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x

Vieira, S., & Hossne, W. S. (2020). Metodologia Científica para a Área da Saúde (2 ed.). Rio de Janeiro: GEN / Grupo Editorial Nacional S.A.

Wang, S., Wen, X., Dong, Y., Liu, B., & Cui, M. (2020). Psychological Influence of Coronovirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on the General Public, Medical Workers, and Patients With Mental Disorders and its Countermeasures. Psychosomatics. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.005

World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. (9241564776). https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/131056/9789241564779-ger.pdf

World Health Organization. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on mental, neurological and substance use services (W. H. Organization Ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/978924012455

World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. s. Geneva. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/prevalence_global_health_estimates/en/

Descargas

Publicado

31/01/2021

Cómo citar

CARNEIRO, A. L. B.; RAMOS, S. C. de S. .; BRASIL, A. W. de L. .; SILVA, L. A. da; LIMA, G. G. de .; ALVES, L. B. .; MELO, M. N. A. de .; MELO, C. de M. B. de . COVID-19 – El enemigo invisible: impactos em la salud mental de los estudiantes y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. e59110112144, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i1.12144. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/12144. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud