La automutilación oral en niños y adolescentes y factores asociados: revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12493Palabras clave:
Niño; Adolescente; Automutilación; Comportamiento autolesivo.Resumen
Introducción: La conducta autolesiva se define como un acto dirigido a uno mismo que resulta en daño tisular. Las estructuras orales pueden resultar traumatizadas por este tipo de comportamiento y su incidencia está aumentando entre los niños. Objetivo: Presentar los factores asociados a la automutilación oral en niños y adolescentes, prestando atención al diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones bucales. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura a partir de una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Medline (PubMed), entre 2010 y 2020.Se seleccionaron 27 artículos, siendo 5 caso-control, 1 transversal y 21 casos clínicos. Resultados: Los estudios evaluados se desarrollaron en varios países, en hospitales, ambulatorios, institutos, universidades, escuelas y orfanatos. En los estudios observacionales, las muestras variaron entre 30 y 303 participantes. La automutilación oral se relacionó con factores sociales, hereditarios, neurológicos y psiquiátricos. También se observó la participación de personas sin comorbilidades en los casos de automutilación oral. En estos estudios, hubo más niños que adolescentes involucrados en la automutilación oral. Conclusión: Se señalan factores hereditarios, neurológicos, psiquiátricos y sociales como factores asociados a la automutilación oral en niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, la literatura aún es escasa para estandarizar el protocolo de diagnóstico de la automutilación oral, por lo que se necesitan más estudios para determinar qué factores pueden ser relevantes en estos casos cuando se trata de niños y adolescentes.
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Derechos de autor 2021 José Rodolfo Tavares de Melo; Niviane Marielly da Costa Oliveira ; Camila de Paula Rosendo ; Alice Kelly Barreira; Viviane Colares
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