Automutilação oral em crianças e adolescentes e fatores associados: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12493Palavras-chave:
Criança; Adolescente; Automutilação; Comportamento autolesivo.Resumo
Introdução: O comportamento autolesivo é definido como um ato dirigido a si mesmo que resulta em um dano tecidual. As estruturas orais podem ser traumatizadas por esse tipo de comportamento e sua incidência vem aumentando entre as crianças. Objetivo: Apresentar os fatores associados à automutilação oral em crianças e adolescentes, atentando para o diagnóstico diferencial das lesões orais. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de pesquisa nas bases de dados Medline (PubMed), entre 2010 e 2020. Foram selecionados 27 artigos, sendo 5 caso-controle, 1 transversal e 21 relatos de caso. Resultados: Os estudos avaliados foram desenvolvidos em diversos países, em hospitais, ambulatórios, institutos, universidades, escolas e orfanato. Nos estudos observacionais as amostras variaram entre 30 e 303 participantes. A automutilação oral foi relacionada aos fatores sociais, hereditários, neurológicos e psiquiátricos. Observou-se também o envolvimento de indivíduos sem comorbidades em casos de automutilação oral. Nesses estudos houve mais crianças que adolescentes envolvidos em quadros de automutilação oral. Conclusão: Fatores hereditários, neurológicos, psiquiátricos e sociais são apontados como fatores associados aos quadros de automutilação oral em crianças e adolescentes. Entretanto, a literatura ainda é escassa em padronização de protocolo para diagnóstico de automutilação oral, assim outros estudos são necessários para determinação de quais fatores podem ser pertinentes a esses casos quando envolvem crianças e adolescentes.
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