Teorías Etiológicas del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad: de la neurobiología a la epigenética

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.12929

Palabras clave:

Etiologia; Transtorno Límite de la Personalidad; Neurobiología; Epigenética; Trauma infantil.

Resumen

Objetivo: identificar las posibles anomalías neurobiológicas y epigenéticas, así como los efectos del trauma durante la infancia en la patogénesis del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP). Metodología: para la revisión narrativa, se utilizó Pubmed, Scielo, Uptodate como base de datos, en el período entre 2010 y 2020, resultando en 688 artículos, de los cuales 26, distintos por criterios de inclusión, sirvieron de base para este estudio. Resultados: en neurobiología, anomalías fueron encontradas, sin embargo, los estudios no consiguieron comprobar si tales modificaciones originan el trastorno o son resultantes de la psicopatología, mientras que en la genética metilaciones aberrantes de genes - candidatos o por selección genómica amplia (GWS)- pueden estar ligados a la etiología del TLP. Finalmente, el análisis de los artículos sobre TLP y trauma infantil reveló que un porcentaje significativo de los individuos con el trastorno sufrió abuso o descuido en la infancia. Consideraciones finales: la teoría que combina la neurobiología, la epigenética y el ambiente se ha mostrado la más plausible para explicar la etiología del TLP. Dicho esto, más estudios deben ser realizados para comprender tanto si estos hallazgos son patógenos del trastorno o consecuencias de este, como las correlaciones anatómicas, funcionales, genéticas y ambientales para la patogénesis del TLP.

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Publicado

02/03/2021

Cómo citar

HONÓRIO, L. G. F.; KUWAKINO, M. K. S. .; SOUZA, J. C. Teorías Etiológicas del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad: de la neurobiología a la epigenética. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. e0610312929, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i3.12929. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/12929. Acesso em: 4 jul. 2024.

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