COVID-19: Metodologías de diagnóstico

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15114

Palabras clave:

Coronavirus; Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo; Serología; Biología molecular; Revisión de la literatura.

Resumen

A mediados de diciembre de 2019 aparecieron en la ciudad de Wuhan (China) los primeros casos de la enfermedad provocada por el nuevo Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2. La enfermedad provocada por el nuevo Coronavirus (COVID-19) afecta inicialmente al tracto respiratorio y su curso clínico puede provocar disfunciones orgánicas en el hospedador. Mientras tanto, las pruebas de laboratorio son herramientas de diagnóstico de gran importancia para la detección del SARS-CoV-2, la confirmación de la enfermedad y la observación de disfunciones sistémicas. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar las metodologías de diagnóstico del SARS-CoV-2 y los cambios en las pruebas de laboratorio. Se trata de una revisión literaria realizada entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de mayo de 2020 en base a datos de trabajos publicados en revistas científicas disponibles en su totalidad. Para ello se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct y Scielo y los siguientes descriptores en inglés: coronavirus, covid-19, sars-cov-2, laboratory medicine, laboratory tests, laboratory findings, RT-PCR, immunochromatography e chemiluminescence. Se encontraron 2810 artículos científicos relacionados donde solo 24 fueron considerados para el estudio. El SARS-CoV-2 se puede detectar en muestras respiratorias utilizando metodologías de diagnóstico de laboratorio como RT-PCR (Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real) o mediante la detección de anticuerpos mediante pruebas inmunocromatográficas, inmunoabsorbentes y quimioluminiscentes. Además, se pueden observar cambios hematológicos relacionados con leucograma, coagulación, marcadores hepáticos y renales así como marcadores inflamatorios. En definitiva, las herramientas de diagnóstico han sido cruciales para el seguimiento del paciente con síntomas de COVID, brindando apoyo a los médicos en la toma de decisiones.

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14/05/2021

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SANTOS-NETO, A. G. dos .; SANTOS, A. de F. .; SANTOS, J. R. dos; ALVES, L. L. .; RAMOS , A. C. S. .; SANTANA, A. A. M.; SANTOS, I. D. D. dos .; GASPAR, L. M. do A. C. . COVID-19: Metodologías de diagnóstico. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 5, p. e48810515114, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15114. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/15114. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

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Vol. 10 Núm. 5

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Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas

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Derechos de autor 2021 Agenor Gomes dos Santos-Neto; Alessandro de França Santos; Jhonata Rodrigues dos Santos; Lumar Lucena Alves; Anne Caroline Santos Ramos ; Adilson Allef Moraes Santana; Izabella Dayane Dorta dos Santos; Lívia Maria do Amorim Costa Gaspar

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