Evaluación de la toxicidade de un insecticida comercial a base de Bacillus thuringiensis em la tilápia del Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16775

Palabras clave:

Biomarcadores; Citotoxicidad; Alteración nuclear; Histopatología; Teleósteos.

Resumen

Los bioplaguicidas se utilizan como alternativa a la aplicación de pesticidas químicos sintéticos. Las formulaciones basadas en esporas de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) se utilizan ampliamente, sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de sus efectos sobre la biota acuática. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos genotóxicos e histopatológicos de una concentración subletal de un bioplaguicida comercial basado en Bt sobre Oreochromis niloticus. Los peces se dividieron (n = 10) en un grupo de control (CG) y un grupo expuesto (GBt) a una concentración de 60 mg L-1 del biopesticida Dipel® WP durante 48 horas. Después de la exposición, se recolectaron muestras de sangre, branquias, hígado y riñón para analizar los biomarcadores de toxicidad. Los resultados demuestran que una exposición aguda a Bt induce el aumento de núcleos de eritrocitos con morfología segmentada. No se observó inducción de micronúcleos. Los análisis histopatológicos mostraron que dentro de las 48 horas posteriores a la exposición, en GBt, hubo una disminución en la frecuencia de hepatocitos hipertrofiados. Sin embargo, el bioplaguicida no comprometió la morfología del tejido en la toxicidad aguda. Los pesticidas en general se aplican constantemente y las regulaciones de uso no se siguen ampliamente, por lo que nuestros resultados sugieren quelas concentraciones subletales pueden inducir efectos cuando se exponen de forma aguda. Los bioplaguicidas basados en Bt en concentraciones bajas parecen ser menos tóxicos para los peces.

Citas

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Publicado

04/07/2021

Cómo citar

SIMÃO, A. M. T.; SILVA, D. do C. da .; SOARES, M. A. M.; DIAS, G. V. B. .; FERREIRA, E. R. R.; MORON, S. E.; MARIANO, W. dos S.; PAULINO, M. G. Evaluación de la toxicidade de un insecticida comercial a base de Bacillus thuringiensis em la tilápia del Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 8, p. e2910816775, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16775. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/16775. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2024.

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Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas