Supervisión de la carga de entrenamiento la carga en carrera: Aspectos fisiológicos y metodológicos en la aplicabilidad práctica de esta modalidade
Monitoramento da Carga de treinamento na Corrida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.16986Palabras clave:
Carga de entrenamiento; Lesiones por correr; Rendiemiento; Salud.Resumen
En running, la demanda de ajustes para optimizar los estímulos para obtener un mejor rendimiento es algo relevante e indispensable. Así, la prescripción para el entrenamiento de carrera, ya sea de corta, media y larga distancia, debe ser estrictamente adecuada, así como todo el proceso de recuperación, permitiendo así mejores adaptaciones fisiológicas. Para ello, el control de la carga de entrenamiento es fundamental y, además, se hace mayor la posibilidad de obtener respuestas positivas, ya que el individuo estará mejor preservado de posibles tensiones derivadas de la acumulación de fatiga. El control de la carga de entrenamiento es una gran herramienta para que los entrenadores identifiquen cuándo seguir aplicando estímulos, así como controlarlos antes que los atletas. Con esto, es posible evitar sobrecargas excesivas que pueden exponer al deportista a una disminución del rendimiento e incluso a una lesión y, en la carrera, esta intervención es de suma importancia. Entre los tipos de evaluaciones utilizadas, el uso del cálculo de la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo de la sesión (PSE), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) y los marcadores bioquímicos (lactato, creatina quinasa y cortisol salival) son los más comunes. entre las medidas de carga de entrenamiento (la carga interna). La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo describir la eficiencia de estos métodos y respuestas que permiten evaluar la carga de entrenamiento en la modalidad de carrera. Diversos estudios han demostrado, a través de diferentes herramientas para este tipo de análisis, la eficiencia y, sobre todo, la importancia del procedimiento de análisis y evaluación de la carga de entrenamiento. Los procedimientos indirectos, como PSE y HRV, fueron correlacionados por diferentes estudios con otros indicadores internos de la intensidad del ejercicio, como el consumo de oxígeno, la frecuencia cardíaca y la concentración de lactato. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar más estudios que investiguen la carga de entrenamiento en deportistas / practicantes de carrera, con el fin de obtener más información sobre esta herramienta tan importante para esta modalidad.
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