Efectos de entrenamiento físico en la presión arterial de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad: Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17623

Palabras clave:

Adolescentes; Obesidad; Presión arterial; Entrenamiento físico.

Resumen

El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los efectos de entrenamiento físico sobre la presión arterial de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad, buscando identificar la magnitud del efecto en relación al tipo de entrenamiento. Esta revisión utilizó las bases de datos PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE LIBRARY y LILACS. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: (1) Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados; (2) Adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad; (3) Mínimo 8 semanas de intervención con entrenamiento físico; (4) medidas de resultado de la presión arterial antes y después de entrenamiento; (5) grupo control sin intervención y manteniendo sus hábitos diarios. Los estudios seleccionados fueron analizados por su calidad metodológica mediante la escala PEDro. Ocho artículos, de un total de 625, cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, totalizando 249 participantes. Tres estudios utilizaron entrenamiento físico aeróbico como intervención, dos utilizaron entrenamiento de fuerza y ​​cuatro estudios utilizaron una combinación de entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza para alcanzar sus objetivos. De los trabajos seleccionados, cinco mostraron reducciones significativas en sus valores de presión arterial después de la intervención de entrenamiento, especialmente en la PAS. Los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento físico es capaz de reducir los valores de presión arterial, independientemente del tipo, ya sea que tenga características aeróbicas, fuerza o una combinación de ambas. Si bien los valores de presión arterial tienden a mostrar una mayor reducción cuando se realiza entrenamiento aeróbico en comparación con el entrenamiento de fuerza o el entrenamiento combinado, la literatura carece de consenso sobre las características de cada tipo de entrenamiento y la mejor estrategia de prescripción.

Citas

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Publicado

20/07/2021

Cómo citar

COELHO, J. M. de O.; PINTO, L. L. T.; LINO, R. de S.; MELO, G. L. R. de; SANTOS, C. P. C. dos; ROSA, T. dos S.; MORAES, M. R. de. Efectos de entrenamiento físico en la presión arterial de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad: Una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 9, p. e4410917623, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17623. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/17623. Acesso em: 3 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud