El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los trastornos alimentarios y su tratamiento: una revisión integradora de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19015Palabras clave:
Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria y de la Ingesta de Alimentos; Salud Mental; COVID-19; Coronavirus.Resumen
El contexto de la pandemia provocada por el COVID-19 ha generado cambios profundos en nuestras condiciones de vida y en la forma en que interactuamos, con un potencial expresivo de impacto en la salud mental, especialmente entre las personas con trastornos mentales preexistentes, entre los que se encuentran los trastornos alimentarios. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue investigar cómo la pandemia de COVID-19 puede afectar el desarrollo, mantenimiento y tratamiento de los trastornos alimentarios. Adoptando un enfoque cualitativo y una perspectiva descriptiva, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS y PUBMED y en la biblioteca electrónica SciELO. Se incluyeron los estudios de intervención publicados a partir de 2020 y que relacionaron los trastornos alimentarios con la pandemia de COVID-19. Se seleccionaron catorce estudios, analizados a partir de la categorización en ejes temáticos. Los resultados muestran que los factores situacionales asociados a la pandemia de COVID-19 pueden influir significativamente en la precipitación de los trastornos alimentarios, así como en el agravamiento de la psicopatología general y específica, a pesar de la gran variabilidad identificada entre estudios. Además, pueden exacerbar las barreras para acceder a la atención médica. Los datos presentados pueden ser útiles para construir posibles formas de apoyar el tratamiento de las personas con trastornos alimentarios y mostrar la magnitud del desafío al que se enfrenta la realización de tratamientos que asocian la gravedad de los trastornos alimentarios con una realidad que a diario conduce al deterioro de la salud mental de los brasileños.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Carolina de Oliveira Coutinho; Thamires Monteiro Laranjeira Mota; Larissa Pereira Santos; Thainá Santana da Silva; Thais Nascimento Conde; Alessandra da Rocha Pinheiro Mulder; Cristiane Marques Seixas
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