El uso de Hidroxicloroquina durante la pandemia de COVID-19: un estudio de revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19118Palabras clave:
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Hidroxicloroquina.Resumen
- COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el SARS-CoV-2, tiene una alta tasa de transmisión y ha provocado miles de muertes registradas en todo el mundo. Actualmente, no hay estudios clínicos que demuestren la efectividad de medicamentos específicos contra el SARS-Cov-2. Sin embargo, experiencias previas con virus similares indicaron una potencial efectividad de ciertos medicamentos, incluido el uso de hidroxicloroquina (HCQ). Al comienzo de la pandemia de COVID-19, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Ministerio de Salud del Brazil orientaron el uso de HCQ como opción terapéutica. Sin embargo, se desconocía su papel en la infección viral por SARS-CoV-2, además de sus beneficios reales in vivo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el uso de HCQ en casos de COVID-19, y discutir los resultados encontrados en estudios que realizaron pruebas in vitro e in vivo, con el fin de investigar su eficacia terapéutica. La revisión se realizó mediante descriptores en una base de datos informatizada. Varios autores han descrito la eficacia antiviral de la HCQ contra el SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, inhibiendo la replicación del virus y mediando la tormenta de citocinas a través de sus efectos inmunomoduladores. Sin embargo, los análisis in vivo en organismos complejos no mostraron ningún efecto sobre la reducción de la carga viral, así como ningún beneficio clínico para el paciente. Por lo tanto, aunque los resultados preliminares in vitro han demostrado ser positivos y prometedores, la evidencia de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios indicó que el HCQ no causó los mismos efectos in vivo contra COVID-19.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Amanda Brito Silva; Beatriz Bonfadini de Sá Galbraith; Camila Lopes Rieke Borges; Daniel Pereira de Rezende Sarmento Costa; Danilo Bines; Gabriela Carreiro Kubitschek Lopes; Hannah Barboza Vianna Bekierman; Helena Ferreira Bruzzi Porto; Júlia Moraes de Andrade Seabra; Julia Vieira Santos; Michel Vladimir de Sousa Cabral ; Pedro Henrique Saugo; Victor Gonçalves de Andrade ; Pedro Leite Azevedo
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