Fallos en implantes de cadera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19668Palabras clave:
Osteosíntesis; Artroplastia de cadera; Cirugías; Fracturas femorales; Cadera.Resumen
La fractura ósea, sin duda, es uno de los principales problemas asociados al aumento de la esperanza de vida de la población. Principalmente, fracturas de fémur, que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico para reducir la fractura por osteosíntesis. En caso de daño severo en la epífisis femoral proximal, se recomienda el reemplazo articular completo mediante un implante total de cadera. La artroplastia de cadera es un procedimiento ampliamente aplicado en medicina; sin embargo, se han informado varios fallos de implantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar, a través de una revisión de la literatura, las principales causas que llevan a los implantes totales de cadera al fracaso en su uso y dilucidar las medidas correctoras para evitarlos. Las principales causas de falla de los implantes identificadas fueron: fatiga, aflojamiento, metalosis, además de discapacidad y enfermedad relacionada con el perfil del paciente. En conclusión, los dispositivos de osteosíntesis deberán ser diseñados por un equipo multidisciplinario que incluya conocimientos y experiencia en ciencias médicas, diseño de ingeniería y selección de materiales. El objetivo principal es lograr unos parámetros de diseño optimizados con el fin de reducir el riesgo de fallas y prevenir accidentes, evitando así reenviar al individuo a un nuevo procedimiento de corrección quirúrgica.
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