Piper methysticum G. Forst (Piperaceae) en el sistema nervioso central: fitoquímica, farmacología y mecanismo de acción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20479Palabras clave:
Piper methysticum; Kava-kava; Fitoquímica; Farmacología; Mecanismo de acción.Resumen
Debido al continuo aumento de la incidencia de enfermedades y trastornos en el sistema nervioso central como las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, se ha observado el crecimiento de estudios que buscan utilizar hierbas medicinales, ya que son más fáciles de producir y económicamente más viables, además de tener efectos secundarios en menor medida en comparación con las drogas sintéticas existentes. Así, se ha analizado una amplia variedad de plantas con fines medicinales y esta revisión presenta trabajos publicados desde 1970 hasta 2021 que describen la composición química, actividades farmacológicas y dilucidan los mecanismos de acción en el SNC de la especie Piper methysticum (Kava-kava). La kava-kava tiene una clase de compuestos que incluyen taninos, alcaloides, ácido benzoico, ácido cinámico, azúcares, cinamato de bornilo, estigmasterol, flavocavinas, mucílagos, pironas, tetrahidroyangoninas, fitoquímicos que son los responsables de las actividades farmacológicas de este vegetal, siendo el Los ansiolíticos, sedantes y neuroprotectores han sido los más estudiados. También se abordaron algunos de los mecanismos de acción que describen la acción de la kava en el SNC, siendo los principales los relacionados con el bloqueo de los canales iónicos de sodio y calcio, la modulación de la vía eritroide 2, a receptores como el ácido γ-aminobutírico, glutamatérgico, glicina y cannabinoide, así como las enzimas monoamino oxidasa y acetilcolinesterasa, además de neurotransmisores como dopamina, serotonina y norepinefrina. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene la perspectiva de abrir nuevos caminos para más estudios farmacológicos sobre Kava-kava y su uso en el sistema nervioso central.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Patrícia e Silva Alves; Felipe Pereira da Silva Santos; Ana Paula Rodrigues; Leandro Sousa Dias; Giovanna Carvalho da Silva; Lidiane da Silva Araújo; Antonio do Nascimento Cavalcante; Mahendra Rai; Teresinha de Jesus Aguiar dos Santos Andrade; Chistiane Mendes Feitosa
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