Encefalitis y encefalopatía en pacientes afectados por COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20764

Palabras clave:

Neuropatía; SARS-CoV-2; Sistema Nervioso Central.

Resumen

Además de que el tracto respiratorio es el principal afectado por el COVID-19, la afectación neurológica no es infrecuente en los pacientes hospitalizados y puede derivar en complicaciones graves. La encefalopatía y la encefalitis son complicaciones graves y devastadoras del sistema nervioso central (SNC) que se han asociado con COVID-19. Esta revisión sistemática recopila datos existentes en la literatura sobre el desarrollo de diferentes tipos de encefalitis y encefalopatías en pacientes con COVID-19. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, dando como resultado 231 artículos. Quedaban 25 trabajos para componer esta revisión sistemática. Entre ellos, 2 eran estudios retrospectivos y 23 son informes de casos. 12 estudios presentaron casos con datos compatibles con encefalitis y 14 con encefalopatías. Entre ellos, algunos casos con tipos más específicos se observaron más de una vez en nuestra investigación: 3 meningoencefalitis, 3 encefalopatía necrotizante aguda (ANE), 2 síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible (SEPR), 2 encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (ADEM). Fueron frecuentes los hallazgos de hiperintensidades de la sustancia blanca, corticales o subcorticales. Hipodensidad e hipoatenuación de estructuras de sustancia blanca profunda e hipodensidad focal de estructuras profundas, así como múltiples lesiones que involucran hipocampo, ganglios basales, médula, tronco encefálico, tálamo, entre otras regiones. Los estudios post mortem ya han demostrado la presencia de partículas virales del SARS-CoV-2 en el tejido cerebral. Esta afectación del SNC asociada con COVID-19 se considera un indicador de mal pronóstico, que puede conducir a un rápido deterioro clínico de los pacientes.

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Publicado

27/09/2021

Cómo citar

COSTA, D. A.; DIAS, B. N. .; PEREIRA, B. M. de C. .; COELHO, F. A. da R. .; SANTOS, G. A. dos .; SILVA, J. D. V. .; AGUIAR, M. R. F. .; FERNANDES, T.; PRADO, E. de M. .; CARMO, R. R. de S. .; OLIVEIRA, A. T. Encefalitis y encefalopatía en pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 12, p. e464101220764, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20764. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/20764. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

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