Membrana cerámica de bajo costo para tratamiento de efluentes aceitosos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21071Palabras clave:
Membrana de bajo costo; Membrana cerámica; Brasgel arcilla; Emulsión de aceite de agua.Resumen
La contaminación del agua es uno de los mayores desafíos de la sociedad. Varios contaminantes entran en contacto con grandes volúmenes de agua, comprometiendo sus parámetros de calidad. Entre los contaminantes, destaca la gran cantidad de actividades industriales responsables de la generación de efluentes oleosos por sus impactos sobre el medio ambiente, afectando, por ejemplo, el mantenimiento de la vida marina y la productividad de los suelos. Entre las técnicas de tratamiento, destaca el uso de membranas cerámicas por su alta eficiencia en el tratamiento de efluentes aceitosos, principalmente emulsiones aceite-agua. En línea con el desarrollo de la química verde, asociada al bajo costo, este trabajo tiene como objetivo la preparación de membranas cerámicas con arcilla brasgel, abundante en el territorio de Paraíba. La arcilla se caracterizó mediante las técnicas de Difracción de Rayos X (XRD), Espectroscopía de Fluorescencia de Rayos X de Dispersión de Energía, Espectroscopia infrarroja, Adsorción Física de Nitrógeno, Análisis Térmico. La membrana se obtuvo mediante la técnica de compactación seca uniaxial y sinterizado a 650 °C, realizándose flujo de agua y flujo de permeado para obtener el coeficiente de rechazo de la membrana. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la arcilla brasgel tiene todas las características correspondientes a la smectite, y la membrana de bajo costo tuvo una alta capacidad de remoción, 100.00 %, lo que la hace viable para el tratamiento de emulsiones aceite-agua.
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