Estudio de fármacos seleccionados en ensayos clínicos en la terapia farmacológica de la COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24445

Palabras clave:

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Medicamentos; Ensayos Clínicos; Terapéutica.

Resumen

La COVID-19 es una infección respiratoria aguda causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, potencialmente grave, altamente transmisible y de distribución mundial. La búsqueda de fármacos con actividad contra el SARS-CoV-2 es un reto sin precedentes y constante en la validación de fármacos eficaces para el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. Objetivo: Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivo evaluar los estudios en la literatura científica, con ensayos clínicos que evalúan la eficacia de los medicamentos ya disponibles en el mercado para su probable uso en el tratamiento de la COVID-19. Metodología: La investigación se llevó a cabo en el período de abril de 2020 a junio de 2021 en las bases de datos PubMed, SciElo y Lilacs, utilizando los buscadores de ciencias de la salud (DeCS) "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Medicamentos", "Ensayo Clínico", "Terapéutica". Los criterios de inclusión de los artículos en la búsqueda fueron aquellos con resumen y texto disponible en formato electrónico completo, escritos en inglés, portugués y español, publicados entre abril de 2020 y junio de 2021, en revistas científicas y que evaluaran la eficacia de probables fármacos en el tratamiento de la COVID-19 y ensayos clínicos en pacientes hospitalizados con la enfermedad. Se excluyeron los artículos que no abordaban conjuntamente el tema del estudio, los artículos duplicados en las bases de datos, los artículos de revisión, los artículos basados en ensayos animales in vitro / in vivo, los artículos basados en la medicina tradicional, los estudios de tipo editorial y también los artículos reflexivos. Resultados: De los 210 artículos identificados, se excluyeron 132 por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión, y se seleccionaron para este estudio 78 artículos que pretendían estudiar la eficacia de los medicamentos en ensayos clínicos internacionales. De ellos, 67 en la base de datos PubMed; 6 por SciELO; y, 5 en Lilacs. Se analizaron 49 medicamentos, clasificados en 22 clases farmacológicas. Las principales clases de medicamentos en los estudios fueron: antivirales de acción directa en monoterapia, 8 (16,32%); inmunomoduladores, 7 (14,28%); inmunomoduladores + asociaciones, 2 (4,08%); e, inmunoestimulantes + asociaciones, 2 (4,08%). Conclusión: Los fármacos y sus asociaciones en estudio no presentan una eficacia terapéutica específica para el tratamiento de la COVID-19; sin embargo, los ensayos clínicos indican una mejora de los síntomas clínicos de los pacientes y del tiempo de internamiento. Sin embargo, algunos medicamentos mostraron reacciones adversas significativas, interfiriendo directamente con la seguridad del paciente.

Citas

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03/01/2022

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FURUZAWA, T. A. .; CARDIA, G. F. E. .; IWAKI, M. V. .; CREMER, E.; SPIRONELLO, R. A. .; COMAR, F. M. de S. S. .; CUMAN, R. K. N. . Estudio de fármacos seleccionados en ensayos clínicos en la terapia farmacológica de la COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. e11611124445, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24445. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/24445. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

Número

Vol. 11 Núm. 1

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

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Derechos de autor 2022 Tatiana Aparecida Furuzawa; Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia; Mariana Vessoni Iwaki; Edivaldo Cremer; Ricardo Alexandre Spironello; Francielli Maria de Souza Silva Comar; Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman

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