Influencia de las comorbilidades en la salud de los ancianos ante la pandemia de Covid-19: una revisión integradora

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i17.24678

Palabras clave:

Ancianos; Comorbilidades; Salud; COVID-19.

Resumen

Objetivo: dilucidar, a través de una revisión integradora, la evidencia científica sobre la influencia de las comorbilidades en la salud de las personas mayores ante la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizado en base a los datos BVS a través de los descritores controlados idos, comorbilidad y COVID-19, así como sus traducciones al español e inglés, de acuerdo con los DeCS y Mesh, publicados entre los años 2020 y mayo de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 12 comorbilidades asociadas a la infección por COVID-19 en los individuos, en los estudios seleccionados en esta revisión. Siendo las principales constituidas por las enfermedades cardiovasculares, que correspondieron al 72,72%, seguidas de la diabetes (72,72%), la hipertensión (63,63%), la enfermedad renal crónica y la obesidad con el 27,27%, la demencia y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica con el 22,72%, el cáncer (18,18%), la enfermedad hepática (9,09%), el asma, las dislipidemias y la depresión con el 4,54%. Consideraciones finales: Se puede concluir que las principales comorbilidades observadas en la salud de los ancianos frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 se asocian a un aumento significativo del riesgo de hospitalización y a una elevada mortalidad en esta población. La verdadera razón por la que las infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 son más graves y mortales en los ancianos aún no está bien dilucidada, pero están surgiendo hipótesis viables que abarcan más que las comorbilidades, incluyendo el repertorio inmunitario, la actividad del inflamasoma y las influencias genéticas y epigenéticas.

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Publicado

24/12/2021

Cómo citar

SOUSA, A. H. da S. .; MARTINS, S. B.; CORTEZ, A. C. L. . Influencia de las comorbilidades en la salud de los ancianos ante la pandemia de Covid-19: una revisión integradora. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 17, p. e199101724678, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i17.24678. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/24678. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

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