Leptina y adiponectina: papel de las hormonas en los procesos metabólicos e impactos en su desregulación

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25144

Palabras clave:

Tejido adiposo; Leptina; Adiponectina; Obesidad; Desregulación.

Resumen

El tejido adiposo es una importante fuente de energía para el cuerpo humano. También es una fuente fundamental de biomoléculas con funciones pro y antiinflamatorias, conocidas como adipocitoquinas, como la leptina y la adiponectina respectivamente. Estas hormonas experimentan variaciones en su actividad, junto con el exceso del tejido adiposo. Concentraciones normales de leptina inhiben el apetito, disminuyen el azúcar en sangre, incrementan la oxidación de ácidos grasos y, por lo tanto, disminuyen la grasa corporal. Los individuos con obesidad muestran altas concentraciones de leptina, pero no actividad receptora ligand. La adiponectina, en concentraciones normales, muestra sensibilidad a la insulina, oxidación de los ácidos grasos musculares, vasculares y de otros órganos, por medio de los receptores de adiponectina 1 y 2 (adipoR1 y adiporR2), cadherina-T, y las vías de señalización. Esta hormona tiene un patrón de expresión opuesto al de la leptina, al estar subexpresada en individuos con obesidad. Ambas hormonas no se encuentran reguladas en individuos obesos, lo que muestra varias señales crónicas de inflamación en el tejido adiposo, como la disfunción mitocondrial, el exceso de ácidos grasos saturados, etc. Todos estos factores se corresponden con una baja calidad del medioambiente sistémico, lo que induce fallos en el sistema endócrino, que contribuyen al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer, diabetes de tipo 2, esteatosis hepática y aterosclerosis. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el impacto de la desregulación de la leptina y la adiponectina en individuos con obesidad, por medio del análisis sistemático de bibliografía.

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Publicado

27/01/2022

Cómo citar

PINHO, K. H. dos S.; PAIVA, M. J. de; OLIVEIRA, R. A. de C. Leptina y adiponectina: papel de las hormonas en los procesos metabólicos e impactos en su desregulación. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. e34711225144, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25144. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/25144. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud