Intervenciones de salud para reducir el reingreso hospitalario en 30 días: una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25273Palabras clave:
Readmisión del Paciente; Alta del Paciente; Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente; Indicadores de calidad de la atención de salud.Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica sobre las intervenciones de salud utilizadas para reducir los reingresos hospitalarios en 30 días en pacientes clínicos que fueron dados de alta del hospital al domicilio. Se realizó una revisión integradora en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud. Se incluyeron investigaciones de intervención, publicadas entre enero de 2009 y abril de 2020, en portugués, inglés y español. La muestra estuvo formada por 71 artículos. Las intervenciones más frecuentes fueron el contacto telefónico tras el alta (73,2%), la educación sanitaria tras el alta (71,8%) y durante la hospitalización (67,6%). La identificación del riesgo de reingreso (12,9%), las visitas domiciliarias tras el alta (26,8%) y la planificación del alta (28,2%) fueron las menos mencionadas. Las intervenciones fueron realizadas predominantemente por un equipo multidisciplinario (39,5%). Hubo una reducción significativa de los reingresos en el 50,7% de los estudios. Se encontró que las intervenciones están orientadas a preparar al paciente durante la hospitalización para el regreso a casa y el seguimiento posterior al alta para reforzar los planes de atención y aclarar dudas, siendo importante la combinación de diferentes acciones por parte del equipo multidisciplinario.
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