Indicadores antropométricos y dietéticos utilizados en estudios poblacionales: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25434Palabras clave:
Encuestas Nutricionales; Estudios Poblacionales; Consumo alimentario; Antropometría; Revisión sistemática.Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar encuestas poblacionales de salud y nutrición, realizadas con adultos y ancianos, y realizadas en las Américas, Europa y Oceanía, para investigar los métodos antropométricos y de consumo de alimentos más utilizados, su aplicabilidad y limitaciones. Metodología: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en bases de datos electrónicas (LILACS, PubMed y SCOPUS) de estudios publicados entre 1997 y 2017 en portugués, inglés o español. 48 estudios (45.8% realizados en las Américas) cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y se incluyeron en la revisión. Los datos se analizaron en 2018. Resultados: La calidad metodológica de la mayoría de los estudios (64,4%) se clasificó como moderada, según la lista de verificación de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para los estudios transversales y la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa para los estudios de cohortes. 35.4% de los artículos solo evaluó el consumo de alimentos, el 29.2% solo la antropometría, mientras que el 35.4% evaluó el consumo de alimentos y las medidas antropométricas. Los métodos de consumo de alimentos más utilizados fueron el registro de alimentos (31% de los estudios) y el recuerdo de 24 horas (22% de los estudios). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue el indicador más utilizado para la evaluación antropométrica del estado nutricional. Aunque la mayoría de los estudios utilizaron los criterios de clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, estos estudios no adoptaron diferentes puntos de corte para clasificar el IMC de adultos y ancianos. Conclusión: El IMC y los métodos que registran el consumo actual, como los registros de alimentos y el retiro de alimentos de 24 horas, fueron los principales métodos para evaluar el estado nutricional, teniendo en cuenta su fácil aplicación, bajo costo y buena reproducibilidad. Registro de revisión sistemática: PROSPEROCRD42017071392.
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