Análisis de tipificación y adulteración de mieles brasileñas: una revisión sistemática de 2010 a 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.26026Palabras clave:
Cromatografía; Resonancia magnética nuclear; Espectroscopia.Resumen
La miel es el producto apícola más consumido en el mundo, debido a su característico sabor y propiedades nutritivas y terapéuticas. Brasil se encuentra entre los mayores países productores de miel, sin embargo, debido a la alta demanda, tanto en el mercado nacional como internacional, se han registrado más formas de adulteración, lo que genera pérdidas económicas para los apicultores y riesgos para la salud de los consumidores. Así, esta investigación realizó una revisión sistemática a través del portal de revistas CAPES con el fin de detectar el uso de análisis metabolómicos basados en técnicas cromatográficas y espectroscópicas para la tipificación, detección de fraudes y contaminantes en la miel, en el período 2010-2020. Del número total de artículos recuperados de la plataforma (n = 184) utilizando las palabras clave "miel", "Brasil", "cromatografía de gases", "cromatografía líquida", "resonancia magnética nuclear" y "espectrometría", 25 estudios cumplieron con los parámetros de interés. Las técnicas cromatográficas se utilizaron principalmente para la detección de pesticidas y la espectroscopia para la detección de metales, mientras que el único estudio basado en RMN encontró sustancias no naturales. Además de la importancia de adoptar estas técnicas analíticas modernas en conjunto con la quimiometria, es necesario crear una base de datos para registrar continuamente la evolución de los casos y los diferentes tipos de fraude, como ya se hace en otros países, corroborando para comprometer la ocurrencia de tipos de fraude y apoyando a los hacedores de políticas en la actualización de la legislación brasileña vigente en la materia, que data de la década de 2000.
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