Diferentes enfoques para la síntesis de zeolita ZSM-22 con aplicación al craqueo de n-heptano

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26070

Palabras clave:

ZSM-22; Zeolita; Diferentes enfoques de síntesis; Craqueo catalítico.

Resumen

La síntesis de la zeolita ZSM-22 ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a sus propiedades de selectividad de forma, acidez y estabilidad hidrotermal, la cual se aplica en importantes reacciones en las áreas de refinación de petróleo y petroquímica. En vista de esto, el presente trabajo estudió diferentes enfoques de síntesis de ZSM-22 utilizando: (i) 1-diaminohexano como agente director de estructura, (ii) metanol y cristales semilla, (iii) envejecimiento del gel de síntesis con adición de polímero, surfactante y silano, y (iv) aplicando almidón, calcio carbonato y sílice silanizada con posterior desilicación. Así, se evaluaron los efectos de estas metodologías sobre las propiedades texturales, acidez y actividad catalítica de las zeolitas obtenidas. Las muestras se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X (DRX), adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), desorción de amoníaco a temperatura programada (NH3-TPD) y análisis térmico (TG/DTG). La actividad catalítica y la selectividad de los catalizadores se evaluaron en el modelo de reacción de craqueo catalítico de n-heptano a 650 °C durante 180 min. La ruta de síntesis utilizando metanol y cristales semilla permitió obtener ZSM-22 en 3 h de cristalización, reduciendo drásticamente el tiempo de síntesis en comparación con otras metodologías. A pesar de esto, el uso de 1-diaminohexano condujo a la obtención de una zeolita con propiedades texturales, acidez y actividad catalítica superior a las otras muestras. La generación de mesoporosidad se obtuvo mediante el uso de sílice silanizada y posterior desilicación, lo que condujo a una mayor estabilidad catalítica y una menor desactivación por coque. Todos los catalizadores mostraron una selectividad similar para la formación de compuestos en el rango de C2 a C4.

Citas

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12/02/2022

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SOUSA JÚNIOR, L. V. de; RIBEIRO, T. R. S.; SILVA, B. J. B. da; QUINTELA, P. H. L.; ALENCAR, S. L.; PACHECO FILHO, J. G. de A.; SILVA, A. O. S. da . Diferentes enfoques para la síntesis de zeolita ZSM-22 con aplicación al craqueo de n-heptano. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e6411326070, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26070. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26070. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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