El impacto de la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26097

Palabras clave:

SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; Enfermedad renal aguda.

Resumen

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) es una disminución brusca de la función renal con diversos fenotipos y representa una de las complicaciones de la infección por el nuevo coronavirus. Existe una asociación multifactorial entre estas entidades, afectando la gravedad del estado de salud de los pacientes. Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es buscar en la literatura evidencia de lesión renal aguda entre los hospitalizados con COVID-19 y describir aspectos de la fenomenología de esta lesión en esta situación. Metodología: Revisión sistémica de la literatura en las bases de datos, PubMed, producciones realizadas en los últimos 2 años. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: "IRA", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", en conjunto para definir la búsqueda. Resultados: Al final de las etapas se seleccionaron 15 artículos, 9 del 2020 correspondientes al 60% y 6 del 2021 al 40%. Todos estos estudios son observacionales. La IRA es un hallazgo frecuente y puede ser causada por la progresión viral. Existen factores previos que predicen un mayor riesgo, como la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Sabiendo esto, el cribado y seguimiento de la función renal desde el ingreso es de suma importancia para identificar cambios iniciales que puedan ser controlados o revertidos, ya que aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad y el uso de corticoides aparentemente ayuda a reducir este riesgo. Se deben considerar la plasmaféresis y las terapias de reemplazo renal. Consideraciones finales: Por lo tanto, la evidencia es que el desarrollo de IRA en estos casos se relaciona con mayor mortalidad, morbilidad y terapias de tratamiento después del alta. Factores como la edad, la obesidad y la genética favorecen el IRA en estos pacientes, generando repercusiones negativas en el pronóstico.

Citas

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Publicado

15/02/2022

Cómo citar

FUJIMURA-JUNIOR , A. C. .; GOMES, G. V. B. .; URZEDA, L. M. M. .; CÔRTES, L. S. B. . .; GOMES, M. P. B. T.; ABDALLA, M. R. .; ABDALLA, D. R. El impacto de la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e13211326097, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26097. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26097. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud