Ultrasonido como método de evaluación de la composición corporal: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.26221

Palabras clave:

Composición Corporal; Ultrasonografía; Absorciometría de Fotón; Imagen por Resonancia Magnética; Tomografía.

Resumen

Objetivo: evaluar la aplicabilidad clínica, las técnicas de exploración y comparar la ecografía con otros métodos de composición corporal, con el fin de dilucidar sus potencialidades y limitaciones. Métodos: se seleccionaron estudios en los que se utilizó ecografía en paralelo con tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética, DEXA, bioimpedancia o antropometría y que incluyeron a adultos jóvenes en su muestra. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus y BVS. Resultados: Se encontraron 2120 artículos en las bases de datos y luego de los pasos de evaluación, 30 artículos fueron parte de la revisión. En general, la ecografia mostró una buena correlación con otros métodos de composición corporal. En la evaluación muscular, la evaluación cuantitativa con medición de grosor o área muscular presentó mejores resultados. Los autores obtuvieron una fuerte correlación con la resonancia magnética utilizando mediciones de 9 grupos de músculos (r = 0,96 r = 0,91) para hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. La evaluación cualitativa, debido a la ecogenicidad muscular, tuvo correlaciones más débiles. Una muestra que estudia la confiabilidad y validez de la ecografía en comparación con la resonancia magnética reporta una confiabilidad moderada, con un coeficiente de correlación entre clases que varía de 0.42 a 0.44. Al evaluar el tejido adiposo subcutáneo, los estudios también mostraron buenos resultados, incluso midiendo el tejido adiposo en solo dos regiones del cuerpo, los resultados fueron consistentes con DEXA (r = 0.947) para hombres y (r = 0.909) para mujeres. Conclusión: la ecografía es un método útil para estimar tejido adiposo y tejido muscular, presentando una buena correlación con los métodos de composición corporal más utilizados.

Citas

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Publicado

05/02/2022

Cómo citar

NOVAIS, R. L. R.; SILVEIRA, A. L. de O.; DINIZ, I. A.; ALMEIDA, N. A. de; CAFÉ, A. C. C.; BORGES NETO, J. de S.; CAMPOS, C. G.; ROMANO, M. C. C.; LAMOUNIER, J. A. Ultrasonido como método de evaluación de la composición corporal: una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. e56111226221, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i2.26221. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26221. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

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