Incidencia y factores asociados con reacciones adversas a medicamentos en una cohorte de individuos que inician dolutegravir o efavirenz

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.26250

Palabras clave:

Efectos colaterales y reacciones adversas relacionados con medicamentos; Terapia antirretroviral altamente activa; VIH; Dolutegravir; Efavirenz.

Resumen

Cohorte prospectiva de personas viviendo con VIH que iniciaron terapia antirretroviral (TARV) combinada con esquemas que contenían efavirenz (EFV) o dolutegravir (DTG) en tres servicios de atención especializada en VIH/SIDA en Belo Horizonte, Brasil, con el objetivo de analizar incidencia, tiempo de desarrollo y factores asociados a la primera reacción adversa a medicamentos (RAM). Los datos fueron recolectados de septiembre/2015 a octubre/2018 a través de entrevistas, registros clínicos y sistemas de información. Los factores asociados a RAM se evaluaron con regresión de Cox y el tiempo hasta la primera RAM con curvas de Kaplan-Meier. De los 433 individuos incluidos, 217 (50,1%) presentaron RAM en 12 meses de seguimiento. De las 695 RAM registradas, 604 (86,9%) ocurrieron en personas que usaban el régimen basado en EFV, y las más frecuentes fueron trastornos gastrointestinales, psiquiátricos y del sistema nervioso. El tiempo medio para desarrollar la primera RAM fue de 210,6 días (IC 95%: 195,5-225,8). El uso concomitante de otros medicamentos se asoció con mayor riesgo de RAM (HR: 2,00; IC 95%: 1,38-2,89). El consumo de alcohol (HR: 0,64; IC 95%: 0,49-0,85) y el régimen basado en DTG (HR: 0,40; IC 95%: 0,28-0,58) fueron factores asociados a un menor riesgo de RAM. Concluimos que el régimen basado en DTG tuvo un mejor perfil de seguridad que el régimen basado en EFV a los 12 meses de seguimiento. Las características clínicas y conductuales se asociaron con mayores riesgos de RAM y deben monitorearse al manejar el tratamiento del VIH.

Citas

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Publicado

28/03/2022

Cómo citar

MENDES, J. C. .; BRAGA , M. das G. .; REIS, A. M. M. .; SILVEIRA, M. R. . Incidencia y factores asociados con reacciones adversas a medicamentos en una cohorte de individuos que inician dolutegravir o efavirenz . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 4, p. e0811426250, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i4.26250. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26250. Acesso em: 1 jul. 2024.

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Sección

Ciencias de la salud