Evaluación de las Posibilidades y Desafíos del Gas de Esquisto en la Transición Energética Mundial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26282Palabras clave:
gas de esquisto; Transición Energética; Matriz FODAResumen
Las mejoras en las técnicas de perforación horizontal y fracturación hidráulica hacen que la exploración de gas de esquisto sea una opción económica. El gas de esquisto tiene el potencial de remodelar la política energética a nivel nacional e internacional. El desarrollo de gas de esquisto puede ser un camino efectivo hacia una transición energética baja en carbono porque el gas natural, convencional o no convencional, tiene emisiones relativamente más bajas que otros combustibles fósiles, así como un costo más bajo y abundantes reservas globales. Este artículo utiliza el método de análisis FODA para identificar las posibilidades y los desafíos que puede enfrentar el desarrollo del gas de esquisto. Para elaborar el análisis se realizó una búsqueda avanzada en la plataforma Science Direct, investigando las fortalezas (F), oportunidades (O), debilidades (D) y amenazas (A) del desarrollo del gas de esquisto vinculado a la transición energética. La fortaleza más citada fue la abundante disponibilidad, seguida de una mayor seguridad energética. En cuanto a las debilidades, las más evidentes fueron los impactos ambientales y la contaminación. La oportunidad más reportada para el desarrollo de gas de esquisto fue la posibilidad de sustitución por otras fuentes, y la amenaza fue el escepticismo público y el menor apoyo que existe para las energías renovables, aunque también se incluyó la prohibición. Un posible camino para el desarrollo del gas de esquisto, en un contexto de transición energética, es la oportunidad de sustituir otras fuentes, como el carbón, aprovechando su abundancia y seguridad energética. Sin embargo, para que el desarrollo se vuelva relativamente limpio, se deben mitigar las emisiones fugitivas y otros aspectos negativos de la exploración.
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