Influencia del estrés laboral en la salud de los trabajadores: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26449

Palabras clave:

Modelo de Control de la Demanda; Obesidad; Dislipidemias; Síndrome Metabólico; Enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Resumen

Justificación/objetivo: Este estudio es una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis que tiene como objetivo sistematizar y sintetizar los resultados de estudios observacionales que demostraron la influencia del estrés laboral en la salud de los trabajadores. Métodos: La revisión de la literatura se realizó a través de búsquedas en las bases de datos PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PSCYINFO y LILACS, de julio a octubre de 2020, y actualizada en octubre de 2021. Estudios observacionales que consideraron el estrés laboral como exposición, se accedió a él mediante el Cuestionario de Contenido Laboral, y se evaluó su influencia en la salud de los trabajadores, independientemente del año de publicación. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó a través del banco de artículos sobre riesgo de sesgo y precisión de los estudios observacionales del Research Triangle Institute. Resultados: Para el análisis cualitativo, la estrategia de búsqueda retuvo 42 estudios, incluidos 182187 participantes. Entre los estudios retenidos, se examinó la influencia del estrés laboral en las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) (n=10), como resultado primario, y el síndrome metabólico (SM) (n=5), las dislipidemias (n=15) y la obesidad (n=22), como resultados adicionales. La evidencia sistematizada mostró que los altos niveles de estrés ocupacional parecen estar asociados con ECV y EM. Sin embargo, su influencia en las dislipidemias y la obesidad sigue sin estar clara. Los metanálisis de estas condiciones clínicas mostraron asociaciones significativas entre estrés laboral y ECV (OR 1,34; IC95% 1,15-1,57) y SM (OR 2,75, IC95% 1,97-3,83), pero ningún efecto significativo entre estrés laboral y dislipidemias y obesidad. Conclusiones: Se observó un efecto adverso consistente del estrés laboral sobre ECV y SM, considerando estudios con alta calidad metodológica (bajo riesgo de sesgo). Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir al desarrollo de acciones para atenuar el estrés en el trabajo para brindar una mejor calidad de vida a los trabajadores. Otro: Este trabajo no recibió subvención específica de ninguna agencia financiadora y fue registrado en la plataforma PROSPERO bajo el número de protocolo CDR 102751.

Citas

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19/02/2022

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COELHO, L. G. .; COSTA, P. R. de F. .; KINRA, S. .; PITANGUEIRA, J. C. D.; LIRA, C. R. N. de; AKUTSU, R. de C. C. de A. Influencia del estrés laboral en la salud de los trabajadores: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e23111326449, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26449. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26449. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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