Evaluación de cambios bucales y modificación del microbioma bucal en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26866

Palabras clave:

Unidad de cuidados intensivos; Cuidado bucal; Cuidado crítico.

Resumen

Introducción: Los protocolos de descontaminación oral con clorhexidina son los cuidados habituales que se ofrecen a los pacientes en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). La evaluación de ingreso realizada por los odontólogos está ausente de la rutina, lo que lleva al equipo médico a pasar por alto las enfermedades bucales, ya que rara vez son la principal causa de hospitalización y la ausencia común de dolor u otros síntomas. Saludable o no, la cavidad oral tiene un reservorio extenso de patógenos y puede propagar infecciones sistémicas y modificar o empeorar la salud general de los pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio longitudinal prospectivo en la UTI general del Hospital Sírio Libanês, en São Paulo. La salud bucal se evaluó al ingreso, tres y siete días de hospitalización mediante índices clínicos (examen oral de cabecera (BOE), índice de placa y mucosa (MPS), presencia de focos infecciosos) y microbiológicos (identificación de microorganismos en saliva y biopelícula). Resultados: Inicialmente se incluyeron 60 pacientes, con un 70% de dependencia del cuidado bucal, y un 39,47% ingresaron y permanecieron con focos infecciosos bucales durante todo el estudio. 38 pacientes seguidos clínicamente presentaron mejoría en los índices BOE y MPS. Sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la saliva y el biofilm durante la estancia hospitalaria, 27 pacientes presentaron prevalencia de Candida spp, ESKAPE (E. faecalis, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, A.baumannii, P.mirabilis y Enterobacter spp.) y patógenos asociados con neumonía nosocomial (S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, E.cloacae, P.mirabilis, Streptococcus spp, E.coli, H.influenza y S.pneumoniae). Conclusión: Además de los cuidados de enfermería, la evaluación bucal al ingreso hospitalario y el seguimiento odontológico pueden alinear los protocolos de higiene bucal de los pacientes con sus necesidades sistémicas reales.

Citas

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Publicado

08/03/2022

Cómo citar

KALLÁS, M. S. .; MENDES, M. A. .; DIAS, M.; NEGREIROS, R. M.; ALVES, L. A. C.; SINIAUSKAS, A.; AZEVEDO, L. C. P. . Evaluación de cambios bucales y modificación del microbioma bucal en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e59411326866, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26866. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26866. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud