Una evaluación de las técnicas serológicas para la identificación de la leishmaniasis visceral asintomática en donantes de sangre en el noreste de Brasil

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28827

Palabras clave:

Citometría de flujo; Prueba de aglutinación directa; ELISA; ELISA recombinante.

Resumen

Introducción: La leishmaniosis visceral (LV) es una enfermedad desatendida causada por especies del complejo Leishmania donovani y transmitida principalmente por la picadura de un vector infectado. Una forma menos frecuente de transmisión es por transfusión, un hecho importante en los países que carecen de procedimientos de detección de la LV en los bancos de sangre. Métodos: Para identificar la infección asintomática por Leishmania spp., evaluamos y comparamos el rendimiento de tres técnicas serológicas diferentes: Citometría de flujo (FC); prueba de aglutinación directa (DAT); y ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA). Se seleccionaron 31 portadores asintomáticos de L. infantum de un único banco de sangre situado en Recife, al noreste de Brasil. Resultados: Se evaluó la frecuencia de muestras positivas asintomáticas en las pruebas, el ELISA basado en el antígeno soluble de Leishmania (25,8%), el FC (22,8%), el DAT (9,7%) y el ELISA basado en una sola proteína recombinante (12,9%). También se evaluó la sensibilidad de las pruebas, el FC (22,58%) y el ELISA con el antígeno soluble (22,58%) mostraron los valores de sensibilidad más altos que el DAT (6,45%) y el ELISA recombinante (12,9%). Sólo la FC mostró una baja especificidad (22,22%), que contrasta con las demás técnicas (100% de especificidad). Conclusión: A la vista de los resultados presentados, destacamos la escasa eficacia de las técnicas serológicas para la identificación de individuos asintomáticos, por lo que destacamos la necesidad de desarrollar métodos más precisos para este fin.

Citas

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Publicado

23/04/2022

Cómo citar

SILVA, L. P.; SILVA, E. D. .; PEREIRA, A. M. de S. .; SANTOS, W. J. T. dos .; SILVA, A. H. da .; NEITZKE-ABREU, H. C. .; MEDEIROS, Z. M. de .; LIMA JÚNIOR, M. S. da C. .; PEREIRA, V. R. A. . Una evaluación de las técnicas serológicas para la identificación de la leishmaniasis visceral asintomática en donantes de sangre en el noreste de Brasil. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. e14011628827, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28827. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/28827. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud