Bioconversión de subproductos agroindustriales en lípidos microbianos y bioemulsionante por Absidia cylindrospora var. cylindrospora UCP 1301
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30829Palabras clave:
Hongo oleaginoso; Emulsionante; Sustratos renovables.Resumen
En Brasil se generan anualmente grandes cantidades de subproductos y residuos agroindustriales. A menudo, estos son subutilizados y desechados inadecuadamente, provocando contaminación ambiental. En este contexto, reutilizarlos como materia prima para obtener productos de alto valor agregado se convierte en una estrategia prometedora. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el potencial biotecnológico del hongo Mucorales Absidia cylindrospora UCP 1301 para la producción de biomasa oleaginosa y bioemulsionante (BE), utilizando subproductos agroindustriales como sustratos de bajo costo. En primer lugar, se realizó la identificación morfológica de la cepa para su confirmación. Luego, se realizaron fermentaciones, según un diseño factorial completo de 2³ para evaluar la influencia de las concentraciones de sustrato en la producción de biomasa, lípidos totales y BE. El hongo fue identificado como Absidia cylindrospora var. cylindrospora y los resultados la mostraron como un microorganismo oleaginoso, ya que acumuló lípidos por encima del 20% del peso seco. La mayor producción de biomasa (11,38 g/L) se encontró en la condición 3 del diseño factorial, mientras que el mayor rendimiento de lípidos (32,22 %) se alcanzó en el ensayo 6. Además, esta cepa se confirmó como un prometedor microorganismo productor de BE, debido a que alcanzó valores de IE24 superiores al 50 % en todas las condiciones de diseño factorial. El mayor IE24 con aceite de motor (93,3%) se obtuvo en la condición 7 y esta emulsión se mantuvo estable después de 150 días de incubación. El análisis estadístico mostró que los tres subproductos agroindustriales tuvieron una influencia significativa en la producción de biomasa, lípidos y BE, confirmando la idoneidad de sustratos no convencionales para la obtención tanto de aceite microbiano como de emulsificante, lo que hace que este bioproceso sea atractivo para varias industrias.
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