La prevalencia de disfagia y cambios en la deglución en pacientes infectados con COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32135

Palabras clave:

Trastornos de la Deglución; infecciones por coronavirus; Aspiración respiratoria.

Resumen

Introducción: La aparición de la COVID-19 ha dado lugar a investigaciones sobre las posibles consecuencias sobre la deglución y sobre la calidad de la deglución en individuos infectados por SARS-CoV2. Las infecciones pulmonares, la necesidad de intubación orotraqueal, la traqueostomía, los síntomas, las comorbilidades y otros factores generaron incertidumbres sobre la interferencia de estos factores en la función de la deglución y en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre la prevalencia de trastornos de la deglución y la calidad de vida de pacientes con posibles factores de riesgo infectados por COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, cuantitativo. Fue realizado de agosto a septiembre de 2020, en un Hospital de Brasilia – DF, con pacientes internados por infección de COVID-19. 90 personas participaron en este estudio; eran adultos y ancianos con una edad media de 59,9 ± 16,09. Entre los participantes, 55 eran hombres (61,1%) y 35 mujeres (38,9%) que tenían antecedentes de trastornos de la deglución. Los datos fueron recolectados a través del análisis de las historias clínicas de los pacientes, la aplicación del Test EAT-10 y el Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders (SWAL-QOL) validado para el portugués brasileño. Resultados: Considerando los puntajes obtenidos por el cuestionario EAT-10, el análisis mostró significación estadística para las variables senescencia y traqueotomía (p < 0,05). El análisis de la prueba SWAL-QOL se realizó por dominios y mostró significación estadística entre las variables senescencia, traqueostomía, ageusia, anosmia e hiporexia. Conclusión: Los adultos mayores infectados con COVID-19 y con necesidad de traqueotomía tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar disfagia. Además, factores como la senescencia, la traqueotomía, la edad y la hiporexia pueden mejorar la calidad de la deglución en estos pacientes.

Citas

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Publicado

10/08/2022

Cómo citar

CARDOSO, A. M. de S. .; FIGUEIREDO, A. C. G. de; NUNES, M. C. de A. .; STECHMAN NETO, J. .; ARAÚJO, C. M. de; SANTOS, R. S. . La prevalencia de disfagia y cambios en la deglución en pacientes infectados con COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 10, p. e540111032135, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32135. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32135. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud