Consumo de tabaco durante la pandemia de COVID-19 e interacción farmacocinética del citocromo P-450 con las drogas psicoactivas: una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32349Palabras clave:
Tabaco; COVID-19; Fármacos psicotrópicos; Interacciones farmacológicas.Resumen
Esta revisión integradora examina el consumo de tabaco relacionado con los trastornos mentales en la pandemia de COVID-19 y las posibles interacciones que implican al citocromo P-450 entre el tabaco y los fármacos psicotrópicos. Se consideraron los cinco pasos del proceso de desarrollo de la revisión integradora, a saber: elaboración de la pregunta guía, búsqueda de literatura o muestreo, evaluación de datos, análisis de los datos, interpretación y presentación de los resultados. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline y Bireme, sin restricciones de idioma hasta mayo de 2021. Se encontraron 47 artículos con información sobre la COVID-19, el consumo de tabaco y las enfermedades psiquiátricas. También se buscaron artículos que abordaran las interacciones entre las principales clases de fármacos psicotrópicos y el tabaco asociadas a las isoformas del CYP450 y al polimorfismo genético. Se encontraron 37 artículos sobre la interacción entre el tabaco, el citocromo P450 y los antidepresivos; 7 incluían el polimorfismo; 19 artículos sobre la interacción del tabaco, el citocromo P450 y los antipsicóticos; 4 incluían el polimorfismo; 3 artículos describían la interacción del tabaco, el citocromo P450 y los ansiolíticos; 1 incluía el polimorfismo; 2 artículos sobre la interacción del tabaco, el citocromo P450 y los estabilizadores del estado de ánimo; y 1 incluía el polimorfismo. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de reconocer el papel del tabaco asociado al consumo de fármacos en los trastornos mentales; indicando la necesidad de control para prevenir el empeoramiento de las condiciones clínicas.
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