Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la atención de pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i17.32400Palabras clave:
Infarto Agudo de Miocardio; COVID-19; STEMI.Resumen
Introducción: La pandemia desencadenada por el SARS-CoV-2 trajo desafíos a la atención de pacientes con IAM, afectando una atención adecuada. En este estudio, el objetivo fue realizar una revisión integradora para analizar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el retraso de la atención de los pacientes con IAM y, en consecuencia, en su pronóstico. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa e integradora con un enfoque descriptivo. Se realizó un levantamiento de artículos en las principales bases de datos utilizando los descriptores “COVID-19”, “Myocardial Infarction” y “STEMI”; y el operador booleano AND. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículo original, disponible en su totalidad para acceso gratuito, publicado en 2020 y 2021, en portugués, inglés y/o español. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 32 artículos. Resultados: En el artículo se utilizaron cohortes retrospectivas, estudios observacionales retrospectivos y metanálisis. Estos estudios reportaron una reducción de casi el 80% en el ingreso de pacientes con IAM. El pronóstico fue peor durante el período pandémico con un aumento del número de complicaciones y un aumento de la morbimortalidad. La mortalidad por IAM aumentó del 1,3% al 80% en el período de la pandemia en comparación con el mismo período del año anterior antes de la pandemia. Además, algunos estudios encontraron que la mortalidad de pacientes con IAM y COVID-19 podría aumentar hasta cuatro veces en comparación con el paciente con COVID solo. Conclusión: Hay una reducción de los ingresos de casos de IAM que puede estar ligada al miedo a la contaminación y a las medidas de aislamiento social que, asociadas a la sobrecarga del sistema de salud, han llevado a la demora en la búsqueda de atención.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Gabriel Dantas Lopes; Marcos Torres de Brito Filho; José Abimael da Silva Santos; Sérgio de Brito Barbosa; Monique Lordelo da Silva de Santana; Clarisse de Sousa Silva; Yan Vitor Gomes Silva de Jesus; Carla Viviane Freitas de Jesus
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