El efecto de los agentes antineoplásicos en el periodoncio: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32408Palabras clave:
Agentes antineoplásicos; Enfermedades periodontales; Gingivitis; Periodontitis; Pérdida de hueso alveolar.Resumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre los efectos de los agentes antineoplásicos en el periodoncio y enfatizar la importancia clínica de los cirujanos dentistas durante la terapia multidisciplinaria en pacientes con cáncer. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exploratoria en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Scopus y Scielo, utilizando los términos de búsqueda “quimioterapia and periodontitis”, “quimioterapia and gingivitis” y “quimioterapia and periodontal disease”, considerándose los artículos publicados hasta junio de 2022. Resultados y discusión: Los quimioterapéuticos no actúan sobre células específicas, afectan las células que proliferan rápidamente y causan citotoxicidad en varias células del tejido conectivo. De esta forma, los quimioterápicos provocan la destrucción del epitelio de unión y exacerban el proceso inflamatorio del tejido conectivo gingival. Cuando aparece la periodontitis que se produce por la interacción entre la placa bacteriana y el huésped, los agentes antineoplásicos empeoran su progresión. Además, los medicamentos de quimioterapia pueden afectar indirectamente los tejidos periodontales al causar xerostomía y aumentar la cantidad de bacterias en la boca. Las enfermedades periodontales son factores de riesgo para enfermedades sistémicas como: enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfermedades del tracto respiratorio, diabetes, enfermedad de Alzheimer y resultados adversos del embarazo, y corresponde al cirujano dentista en el equipo multidisciplinario monitorear y identificar posibles riesgos en el tratamiento oral de pacientes con cáncer. Conclusión: Dentro de los límites de la presente revisión bibliográfica, se puede concluir que los tejidos periodontales son atacados por el uso de quimioterapia y las medidas de prevención y formas de tratamiento deben ser tenidas en cuenta por el cirujano dentista del equipo oncológico multidisciplinario
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Derechos de autor 2022 David Jonathan Rodrigues Gusman; Priscila Arisa Sasaki; Paula Lazilha Faleiros; Patricia Monteiro Seraphim; Christine Men Martins; Bruna Millena da Silva; Amanda Munarolo Piacenza de Oliveira; Eder da Silva Dolens; Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
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Los autores que publican en esta revista concuerdan con los siguientes términos:
1) Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
2) Los autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales por separado, para distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ejemplo, publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.
