Genética del cáncer de cabeza y cuello: Avances en la investigación molecular

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32924

Palabras clave:

Biomarcadores tumorales; Carcinogénesis; Epigenética.

Resumen

La mayoría de los casos de cáncer de cabeza y cuello (CCC) se originan a partir de células escamosas e incluyen tumores que surgen en el epitelio de la cavidad nasal y oral, senos paranasales, faringe y laringe. Cada año se diagnostican más de medio millón de casos. El tratamiento de esta neoplasia se considera un desafío, dada su heterogeneidad intratumoral y las diversas subsecciones anatómicas. Además de los factores genéticos, también es necesario considerar los componentes ambientales y las interacciones gen-ambiente, que pueden inducir la susceptibilidad a la enfermedad. El objetivo principal de las terapias es disminuir los efectos secundarios y aumentar la supervivencia general de los pacientes. Debido a la gran complejidad en la heterogeneidad tumoral, una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos epigenéticos es de suma importancia para el desarrollo de terapias para esta neoplasia. Ante este contexto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica respecto a la genética del cáncer de cabeza y cuello, así como los avances en la investigación molecular. Se seleccionaron un total de 74 artículos, que brindan una visión integral sobre el desarrollo de investigaciones orientadas a aplicaciones clínicas en diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento, cuya fuente de investigación fue PubMed. De acuerdo con la literatura, la elucidación de los mecanismos epigenéticos y genéticos asociados a la carcinogénesis tienen un papel relevante en la progresión y respuesta al tratamiento, la comprensión de su participación puede proporcionar conocimientos sobre su relación en la tumorigénesis, que son esenciales para la medicina de precisión, contribuyendo a terapias personalizadas y dirigidas al paciente.

Citas

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Publicado

05/08/2022

Cómo citar

MATOS, A. G. de M. .; BARBOSA, E. da S.; MENDONÇA, A. F.; SOUSA, L. R. D.; SILVA, T. da C.; ARAÚJO, F. de B. S. .; ARAUJO, E. A.; SILVA, S. A. M.; DUARTE, W. E.; PINHO, J. D. Genética del cáncer de cabeza y cuello: Avances en la investigación molecular . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 10, p. e391111032924, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32924. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32924. Acesso em: 26 sep. 2024.

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