Catatonia secundaria a lupus eritematoso sistémico: Revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33412Palabras clave:
Catatonía; Lupus eritematoso sistémico; Neurosiquiatría.Resumen
El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune que se sabe que está asociada con manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas con una prevalencia del 17 al 75% en pacientes con la enfermedad. La catatonia se ha descrito en el espectro clínico de las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas (NPM) del LES. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar, a través de una revisión sistemática, las manifestaciones clínicas y el tratamiento de la catatonia inducida por Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de un reporte de caso y serie utilizando los descriptores “Systemic Lupus Erythematosus” y “Catatonia”, desde 1977 hasta 2021, en las bases de datos publicadas Medline©, PubMed©, Lilacs©, Scielo© y EMBASE©. Español, francés, inglés y portugués. De un total de 50 pacientes analizados en los estudios seleccionados, cerca del 54% tenían entre 18 y 35 años, con un predominio total en el sexo femenino, del 90%. Se evidenció que el cuadro clínico es bastante variado, con predominio de mutismo (75%), inmovilidad/estupor (55%), rigidez (40%) y flexibilidad cérea (40%). Al 46% de los pacientes se les detectaron alteraciones del sistema nervioso central mediante resonancia magnética cerebral, tomografía computarizada craneal, electroencefalograma o punción lumbar. En cuanto al tratamiento propuesto a cada paciente, con descripción de mejoría, el uso de benzodiazepinas, terapia electroconvulsiva, glucocorticoides e inmunosupresores son los responsables de casi todas las respuestas de resolución. Se concluye que los trastornos psiquiátricos no están bien descritos en el LES. Este estudio destaca la importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento de los trastornos psiquiátricos, especialmente el síndrome catatónico. Por lo tanto, el LES debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de los pacientes que presentan el síndrome catatónico.
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