Efectos de la dieta sobre el daño del ADN: revisión crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i6.3364Palabras clave:
Nutrientes; ADN; Ensayo de cometa; Nutrigenética.Resumen
El consumo de los alimentos implica interacciones complejas entre nutrientes y no nutrientes. Además, los componentes de la dieta pueden influir en la estructura y funcionalidad del ADN y, en consecuencia, la actividad de los genes, interfiriendo en la salud humana. La integridad y la estabilidad del ADN son esenciales para la vida, mientras el daño del ADN contribuye principalmente al desarrollo de diferentes enfermedades como el cáncer. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la literatura acerca de la influencia de los factores y patrones dietéticos y la presencia de daños en el ADN, a través del ensayo del cometa en la última década. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Scielo, con los términos "ensayo cometa", "dieta" y "dietético" y su equivalente en inglés. La revisión identificó 647 estudios, después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se incluyeron 28 artículos en la revisión. Se observó una buena calidad metodológica en los estudios incluidos y en algunos estudios que evaluaron el patrón de la dieta y el daño en el ADN. En general, el consumo de frutas y verduras y la suplementación de compuestos dietéticos aislados o multivitaminas tuvieron un mayor impacto positivo en el daño del ADN.
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