Producción de lipasas a partir de hongos endofíticos de Aniba canelilla, caracterización y aplicación del extracto enzimático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34326Palabras clave:
Amazonía; Endófito; Biocatálisis; Endomelanconiopsis endophytica; Biodiésel.Resumen
Los hongos endofíticos (EF) tienen una notable capacidad de producir moléculas activas de importancia industrial, como las enzimas hidrolíticas. En este estudio investigamos la producción de lipasa por hongos aislados de la especie Amazónica Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae), caracterizamos el extracto enzimático obtenido de lo hongo más promisor y aplicamos el extracto lipolítico como biocatalizador en la reacción de transesterificación para la producción de biodiésel. Los hongos aislados fueron sometidos a un cribado enzimático en medio sólido y fermentación sumergida para avaluar la producción de lipasa. Un total de 292 hongos fueron testados. La actividad lipolítica fue detectada en el 74% de los hongos cultivados en medio líquido, 18 de los cuales presentaron producción enzimática promisoria. El mejor productor de lipasa, Endomelanconiopsis endophytica QAT_7AC, fue identificado por el secuenciamento de la región ITS. Después del ajuste de las condiciones del bioproceso, E. endophytica QAT_7AC produjo 2,415.5 U/mL de lipasa en 72 h. El extracto enzimático presento mayor actividad lipolítica a pH 8.0 y 40 oC. El extracto enzimático fue aplicado como biocatalizador en una reacción de transesterificación realizada a 40 oC con etanol y aceite de cocina usado (3:1). El rendimiento del biodiesel fue de 87% después de 2 h de reacción cuando la enzima fúngica fue utilizada y 89% con el biocatalizador comercial. Los hongos endofíticos aislados de A. canelilla fueron biotecnológicamente relevantes, y pueden ser explorados como potenciales productores de lipasas. El extracto enzimático lipolítico puede ser aplicado en la síntesis de biodiesel utilizando aceite de cocina usado.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Rosiane Rodrigues Matias; Juliana Gisele Corrêa Rodrigues; Rudi Emerson de Lima Procópio; Carla Roberta Matte; Sergio Duvoisin Junior; Marco Antonio Zachia Ayub; Rosane Michele Duarte Soares; Patrícia Melchionna Albuquerque
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