Respuestas de política de países con el mayor número de muertes por COVID-19 en el mundo: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34773Palabras clave:
COVID-19; Infecciones por Coronavirus; Pandemias; Salud Pública; Política de salud.Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 fue declarada el 11 de marzo de 2020. Hasta diciembre de 2020, la ausencia de tratamientos o vacunas específicas para COVID-19 implicó la necesidad de utilizar estrategias no farmacológicas para reducir las tasas de infección. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo rastrear y comparar las respuestas políticas de los países con el mayor número de muertes por COVID-19 en el mundo. Realizamos una búsqueda de alcance en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science y Google Scholar) entre el 1 de diciembre de 2019 y el 30 de abril de 2020. También se buscó información sobre políticas y salud en los sitios web oficiales de los países enumerados. Tras el proceso de selección, que se llevó a cabo de forma independiente por dos evaluadores siguiendo los criterios previamente establecidos, se incluyeron 55 títulos. De los 18 documentos de las sociedades nacionales de salud, 13 abordaron la prevención de la COVID-19. El país más informado fue Italia (17). Las estrategias más citadas por los estudios fueron: monitoreo de viajeros, controles de viajes internacionales, órdenes de distanciamiento social, cierre de escuelas y universidades, bloqueo parcial y total. A fine de abril, todos los países evaluados, Estados Unidos, Italia, Reino Unido, España, Francia, Bélgica, Alemania, Irán, Brasil y Holanda, habían adoptado medidas como órdenes de distanciamiento social y cierre de escuelas y universidades. A excepción de Irán, todos estos países han adoptado algún tipo de bloqueo. Hasta el momento (Agosto de 2022), Alemania ya ha sido citada como ejemplo de país exitoso en el control de la pandemia, mientras que Estados Unidos aún tiene las cifras más altas del mundo en casos totales, muertes totales y nuevas muertes semanales por contagios de COVID-19.
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