Resistencia antimicrobiana de la microbiota de quesos atendidos en un hospital oncológico de Río de Janeiro-Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34837Palabras clave:
Resistencia bacteriana; Alimento; Antimicrobiano; Bacterias Gram-negativo; Infección hospitalaria.Resumen
La resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos es unos de los principales desafíos para la salud pública en la actualidad. Una preocupación importante es la alimentación proporcionada en un ambiente hospitalario, debido a su capacidad para transmitir genes de resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la resistencia antimicrobiana y caracterizar los genes de resistencia de bacterias gramnegativas en la microbiota de muestras de queso servidas a pacientes ingresados en un hospital público de Río de janeiro. Esta investigación utilizó una metodología para capturar la microbiota Gram negativa resistente a los antimicrobianos. La prueba de difusión en disco y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) se realizaron para investigar, respectivamente, la resistencia fenotípica y genotípica de las bacterias Gram negativas a los antimicrobianos probados. La microbiota de todas las muestras de queso mostró una alta resistencia fenotípica. En el 62,5% de las muestras, la resistencia alcanzó a más de nueve antimicrobianos probados. Cinco antimicrobianos no mostraron sensibilidad en el 100% de las muestras analizadas. A excepción del antimicrobiano ciprofloxacino, se encontraron porcentajes de resistencia superiores al 62% en todas las muestras, incluidas las cefalosporinas de cuarta generación. Todas las muestras de queso albergaban genes de resistencia. Se encontraron siete genes de resistencia diferentes en 34 microbiotas de bacterias Gram negativas, a saber: int-1, int-2, ctx, shv, tem, tetA y tetB. Concluimos la alarmante presencia de genes potencialmente resistentes a los antimicrobianos en quesos servidos a pacientes con cáncer, lo que indica que este alimento puede ser portador de bacterias con genes de resistencia en un ambiente hospitalario.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Fabiana Montovanele de Melo; Cristiane Rodrigues Silva; Gabriel Lopes Carvalho; Victor Augustus Marin
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