Una mini revisión de la farmacoterapia de la diabetes tipo 2: fármacos y mecanismos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34900

Palabras clave:

Diabetes Mellitus; Control glucémico; Hipoglucemiantes.

Resumen

La diabetes mellitus (DM2) es un trastorno metabólico crónico que se origina por numerosos mecanismos patogénicos, todos los cuales resultan en hiperglucemia. Esta enfermedad es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Por lo tanto, son necesarias estrategias efectivas de prevención y tratamiento para la DM2. El objetivo de esta revisión fue resumir la farmacoterapia para pacientes con DM2, discutiendo su fisiopatología, las clases terapéuticas utilizadas en las estrategias de tratamiento, así como los mecanismos de acción de cada fármaco. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura buscando en las bases de datos de Google Scholar, PubMed y ScienceDirect utilizando los términos de búsqueda: diabetes mellitus tipo 2, insulina, AMPK, antidiabéticos, incretinas, SGLT2 y biguanidas que abarcan estudios hasta 2022. La revisión identificó e incluyó estudios cualitativos, originales artículos de investigación y ensayos controlados aleatorios. Los resultados de este estudio se dividen en fármacos que aumentan la sensibilidad a la insulina (p. ej., biguanidas y tiazolidinedionas), secretagogos (p. ej., sulfonilureas y meglitinidas o glinidas), fármacos miméticos de incretina (p. ej., agonistas e inhibidores del receptor GLP-1) de la DPP- 4), fármacos que causan glucosuria (p. ej., inhibidores de SGLT2), fármacos que impiden la absorción de glucosa (p. ej., inhibidor de α-glucosidasa) e insulina. Esto permite a los lectores comprender cada proceso, manteniendo el artículo conciso.

Citas

Alexander, J. T, Staab, E. M, Wan, W. et al (2022). Longer-term Benefits and Risks of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37, 439–448. Doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-07227-0.

Aslam, M., & Ladilov, L. (2022). Emerging Role of cAMP/AMPK Signaling. Cells, 11(2), 308. Doi: 10.3390/cells11020308.

Chandra, A., Kaur, P, Sahu, S. K., & Mittal, A. (2022). A new insight into the treatment of diabetes by means of pan PPAR agonists. Chem Biol Drug Des, 1–21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.14020.

Dawwas, G. K., Flory, J. H., Hennessy, S, Leonard, C. E., & Lewis, J. D. (2022). Comparative Safety of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors and Sulfonylureas on the Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care, 45, (4), 919–927. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2177.

Deng, K., & Thorn, P. (2022). Presynaptic-like mechanisms and the control of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Cell Calcium,104,102585. Doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102585.

Fralick, M, Jenkins, A. J, Khunti, K., et al. (2022). Global accessibility of therapeutics for diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 18, 199–204. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00621-y

González-González, J. G., et al. (2022). Effect of metformin on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 186, 109821. Doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109821

Hanefeld, M, Cagatay, M, Petrowitsch, T, Neuser, D, Petzinna, D, & Rupp, M. (2004). Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J, 25, (1), 10–6. Doi:10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00468-8

Haq, F. U, Siraj, A, Ameer, M. A, et al. (2021). Comparative Review of Drugs Used in Diabetes Mellitus—New and Old. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 11, (4). Doi: 10.4236/jdm.2021.114009

Hasanvand, A. (2022). The role of AMPK-dependent pathways in cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: a new perspective for treatment and prevention of diseases. Inflammopharmacology, 30, 775–788. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00980-6

Inzucchi, S. E, Bergenstal, R. M, Buse, J. B, et al. (2015). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 38, (1), 140–9. Doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2441

Irudayaraj, S. S, Jincy, J, Sunil, C, et al. (2022). Antidiabetic with antilipidemic and antioxidant effects of flindersine by enhanced glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ agonism in type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 285, 114883. Doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114883

Klip, A, McGraw, T. E., & James, D. E. (2019). Thirty sweet years of GLUT4. J. Biol. Chem, 294, 11369-11381. Doi: 10.1074/jbc.REV119.008351

Knudsen, J. R, Steenberg, D. E, Hingst, J. R et al. (2020). Prior exercise in humans redistributes intramuscular GLUT4 and enhances insulin-stimulated sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4 translocation. Mol. Metab, 39,100998. Doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100998

Ku, E. J, Lee, D. H, Jeon, H. J & Oh, TK. (2021). Long-term effectiveness and safety of quadruple combination therapy with empagliflozin versus dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: 3-year prospective observational study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 182, 109123. Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109123

Lavania, P. (2019). A comparative study of glimepiride plus metformin versus glibenclamide plus metformin in diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research, 7, (2), 157-160. Doi: 10.21276/jamdsr

Lin, EE, Scott-Solomon, E & Kuruvilla, R. (2021). Peripheral Innervation in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis. Trends in Neurosciences, 44, (3), 189-202. Doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.015

Lingvay, I, Bauer, R, Baker-Knight, J, Lawson, J & Pratley, R. (2022). An Indirect Treatment Comparison of Semaglutide 2.0 mg vs Dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg Using Multilevel Network Meta-regression. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 107, (5), 1461–1469. Doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab905

Min, SH, Yoon, JH, Hahn, S & Cho, YM. (2018). Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with an α-glucosidase inhibitor and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig, 9, (4), 893-902. Doi: 10.1111/jdi.12754

Mone, P, Varzideh, F, Jankauskas, SS, et al. (2022). SGLT2 inhibition via empagliflozin improves endothelial function and reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress: insights from frail hypertensive and diabetic patients. Hypertension,79, (8), 1633–1643. Doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19586

Peng, F, Li, X, Xiao, F, Zhao, R & Sun, Z. (2022). Circadian clock, diurnal glucose metabolic rhythm, and dawn phenomenon. Trends in Neurosciences, 45, (6), 471-482. Doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.010

Pullen, RA, Lindsay, DG, Wood, SP, Tickle, IJ et al. (1976). Receptor-binding region of insulin. Nature, 259, 369-373.

Saltiel, AR. (2021). Insulin signaling in health and disease. J Clin Invest,131, (1), e142241. Doi: 10.1172/JCI142241

Scheen, AJ. (2021). Sulphonylureas in the management of type 2 diabetes: To be or not to be? Diabetes Epidemiology and Management, 1, 100002. Doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2021.100002

Shyng, SL. (2022). KATP Channel Function: More than Meets the Eye. Function, 3, (1), zqab070. Doi.org/10.1093/function/zqab070

Svitlana, D, Kateryna, K, Iryna, B, et al. (2021). Potential risks and pharmacological safety features of hypoglycemic drugs. Archives, 2, 1164-1171.

Sylow, L, Tokarz, VL, Richter, EA & Klip, A. (2021). The many actions of insulin in skeletal muscle, the paramount tissue determining glycemia. Cell Metabolism, 33, (4), 758-780. Doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.020

Tomlinson, B, Patil, NG, Fok, M, Chan, P & Lam, CWK. (2022). The role of sulfonylureas in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy,23, (3), 387-403. Doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2021.1999413

Verberne, AJM & Mussa, BM. (2022). Neural control of pancreatic peptide hormone secretion. Peptides, 152, 70768. Doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170768

Wei, Y, Lin, F, Lin, S & Wang, C. (2018). Concomitant use of Repaglinide and Clopidogrel and risk of hypoglycemia: a population-based nested case-control study. Value in Health, 21, S1–S115. Doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.07.276

Wharton, S, Davies, M, Dicker, D, et al. (2021). Managing the gastrointestinal side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in obesity: recommendations for clinical practice. Postgraduate Medicine, 134, (1), 14-19. Doi: 10.1080/00325481.2021.2002616

Yau H, Rivera K, Lomonaco R & Cusi K. (2013). The future of thiazolidinedione therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep,13, (3), 329-41.

Zhang, Y, Fu, T, Mu, YM, et al. (2021). Network Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Effects of Hypoglycemic Drugs and Intensive Lifestyle Modification on Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Clinical Therapeutics, 43, (9), 1524-1556. Doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.07.014

Publicado

21/09/2022

Cómo citar

LIMA, E. B. de S. .; GODOY, A. C. V. de .; ARAÚJO, S. de . Una mini revisión de la farmacoterapia de la diabetes tipo 2: fármacos y mecanismos. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 12, p. e474111234900, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34900. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/34900. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

Número

Sección

Revisiones