Aspectos fisiopatológicos envolvidos na sintomatologia da COVID-19 e suas consequências: uma revisão bibliográfica de literatura

Pedro Henrique de Sales; Samuel Kognan Hery; Jean Carlos Fernando Besson

doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35441

Autores/as

Pedro Henrique de Sales Universidade Cesumar Maringá https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-4273
Samuel Kognan Hery Universidade Cesumar Maringá https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-494X
Jean Carlos Fernando Besson Universidade Cesumar Maringá https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-7184

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35441

Palabras clave:

SARS-COV-2; Tormenta de citoquinas; ECA2.

Resumen

Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 es un betacoranavirus perteneciente al orden Nidovirales de la familia Coronaviridae. Es un virus que, evolutivamente, se volvió capaz de interactuar con las enzimas transmembrana (ACE2) presentes en las células del cuerpo humano y, en consecuencia, invadirlas y multiplicarse en su interior. El SARS-CoV-2 puede generar una tormenta de citocinas en el organismo, causando diversos daños sistémicos a los infectados. Objetivo: describir los principales aspectos sobre la caracterización del virus, la fisiopatología, las consecuencias sistémicas y el diagnóstico de la infección. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica con levantamiento de textos académicos en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, SciElo, UPTODATE y LILACS, con los siguientes descriptores: ''COVID-19'', ''SARS-CoV-2'' y ''pandemia por COVID-19''. Discusión: La invasión del SARS-CoV-2 al interior de las células genera varios procesos inflamatorios en el cuerpo humano. Como hay receptores ACE2 en células de diferentes órganos, el virus es capaz de causar lesiones sistémicas. Las lesiones pulmonares pueden identificarse en las principales pruebas de imagen, ayudando así a entender el pronóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes. Debido a las agresiones al organismo humano provocadas por el virus, muchos pacientes se quejan de algunos síntomas que persisten incluso después de curar la infección. Consideraciones finales: A través de este estudio se logró comprender aspectos históricos sobre el coronavirus, sus variantes, estructura, la fisiopatología de la infección, la tormenta de citoquinas que genera, así como las consecuencias sistémicas durante y después del proceso infeccioso y los posibles métodos de diagnóstico.

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Aspectos fisiopatológicos implicados en la sintomatología de la COVID-19 y sus consecuencias: una revisión de la literatura

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