Contaminación ambiental por microplásticos y sus consecuencias para la salud humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35863Palabras clave:
Ambiente marino; Contaminación plástica; Impacto ambiental.Resumen
Introducción: En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento considerable en el uso de productos plásticos para diferentes fines. Muchos de los plásticos generados se vierten al medio ambiente de forma inadecuada. Por tanto, es posible encontrar residuos plásticos en diferentes ecosistemas, siendo el medio marino uno de los más impactados. El objetivo de esta revisión es identificar los impactos de los microplásticos en el medio ambiente y su impacto en la salud humana. Metodología: Este trabajo corresponde a una revisión narrativa de la literatura, utilizando artículos publicados desde el año 2017 al 2022. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: Sciencedirect, Scholar Google y Springer-Verlag, utilizando los descriptores: microplastics, plastic freedom and ambiental impacto. Resultado: Los plásticos desechados en el medio ambiente pasan por diferentes procesos, como estreses ambientales y biológicos de manera sinérgica que permiten que estos plásticos se descompongan en partículas menores a 5 mm llamadas microplásticos. El escenario actual de contaminación por microplásticos está en evidencia y ha causado preocupación a investigadores de todo el mundo, ya que estos contaminantes son complejos y tienen efectos tóxicos significativos. Las investigaciones actuales demuestran que la exposición prolongada a estas partículas pone en peligro la supervivencia de la vida marina e induce graves daños a la salud humana, ya que pueden causar daños a la célula y su material genético, además de proporcionar una superficie para el transporte de microorganismos y otros. compuestos químicos. Conclusión: Los estudios muestran que los microplásticos presentan riesgos potenciales para el medio ambiente marino y amenazan la salud humana, lo que requiere una acción urgente para recuperar y evitar impactos ambientales.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Jaqueline dos Santos Silva; Jefferson Renan Pinheiro Rodrigues; Rafael Artur de Queiroz Cavalcanti de Sá; Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira; Sivoneide Maria da Silva ; Karolayne Silva Souza ; Milena Roberta Freire da Silva; Livia Caroline Alexandre de Araújo; Elisa Santiago Pereira; Antonia Ângela Bezerra; Amanda Vieira de Barros
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