Pathogenesis and treatment prospects for Covid-19: a review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3730

Keywords:

Patogênese, Tratamento farmacológico, Coronavírus.

Abstract

Objective: to present the form of action and interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with human cells and describe the main studies on the treatment for Covid-19. Methodology: a review was carried out in the Science Direct-Elsevier and PubMed databases with analysis of experimental works in vitro and in vivo, review, technical notes and clinical research records. The terms used were: Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 associated with pathogenesis, clinical studies and treatment. Results: Many studies are under development to understand the pathogenesis of the virus and to seek efficient therapies to contain COVID-19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, Arbidol, favipiravir, remdesivir, among others. Conclusion: This article reviewed the mechanisms of action of SARS-CoV-2 in order to provide information for a better understanding of the actions taken by several researchers in therapy against COVID-19. Many drugs are undergoing clinical trials to see if they can minimize the serious effects of the virus on the population.

Author Biographies

  • Marcos Roberto Nascimento Sousa, Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
    Curso de Enfermagem da Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
  • Sabrina Sousa Barros, Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
    Curso de Enfermagem da Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
  • Marcelo Silva, Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
    Curso de Enfermagem da Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
  • Ana Paula Melo Oliveira, Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
    Curso de Enfermagem da Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
  • Gabriel Mauriz Rocha, Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
    Professor do Curso de Fisioterapiada Cristo Faculdade do Piauí
  • Guilherme Antonio Lopes Oliveira, Cristo Faculdade do Piauí Universidade Federal do Piauí
    Doutorado em Biotecnologia pela Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia - UFPI, com estágio de Doutorado Sanduíche no Departamento de Farmacologia da Universidade de Sevilla - Espanha. Especialista em Docência do Ensino Superior e em Análises Clínicas e Microbiologia pela Universidade Cândido Mendes. Bacharel em Biomedicina pela Faculdade Maurício de Nassau/Aliança. Tem experiência em bioprospecção de produtos naturais com ênfase em antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórios. Comendador da Ordem Estadual do Mérito Renascença do Piauí. Professor dos cursos de graduação em farmácia, enfermagem, fisioterapia, serviço social e de pós-graduação da Cristo Faculdade do Piauí - CHRISFAPI.

References

Casadevall, A., & Pirofski, L. (2020). The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 130 (4), 1545-1548.

Catella-Lawson, F. et al. (2001). Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. New England Journal of Medicine, 345 (25), 1809-1817.

Chen, C.et al. (2020). Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. MedRxiv, 3 (17), e20037432

Chen, J. (2020). Pathogenicity and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses. Microbes and Infection, 22 (2), 69-71.

Chen, N. et al. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395 (10223), 507-513.

Colson, P. et al. (2020). Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 5 (41), e105932.

Dong, L., Hu, S., & Gao, J. (2020). Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 14 (1), 58-60.

Elfiky, A. A. (2020). Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study. Life Sciences, 2020.

Fitzgerald, G. A. (2020). Misguided drug advice for COVID-19, Science, 367 (6485) e1434.

Fung, S.et al. (2020). A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defense: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9 (1), 558-570.

Gao, J., Tian, Z., & Yang, X. (2020). Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Bioscience Trends, 14 (1), 72-73.

Gautret, P. et al. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, e105949.

Han, Y., & Yang, H. (2020). The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID‐19): A Chinese perspective. Journal of Medical Virology, 1-6.

Hilgenfeld, R. (2014). From SARS to MERS: crystallographic studies on coronaviral proteases enable antiviral drug design, The FEBS journal, 281 (18), 4085-4096.

Holshue, M. L. et al. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (10), 929-936.

Huang C. et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 15 (395), 497-506.

Khan, S. et al. (2020). The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), their biology and therapeutic options. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Li, Q. et al. (2020). Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (13), 1199-1207.

Liu, C. et al. (2020). Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases. ACS Central Science, 6 (3), 315-331.

Liu, J. et al. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discovery, 6 (1), 1-4.

Liu, J. et al. (2020). Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and 2019‐nCoV. Journal of Medical Virology, 92 (5), 491-494.

Lu, R. et al. (2020). Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet, 95 (10224), 565-574.

Savarino, A., Boelaert, J.R., Cassone, A., Majori, G., & Cauda, R. (2003). Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases? The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3 (11), 722-727.

Sheahan, T. P. et al. (2020). Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nature Communications, 11 (1), 1-14.

Shereen, M. A. et al. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, 91-98.

Singh, A. K. et al. (2020). Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14 (3), 241-246.

Wang, M. et al. (2020). Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro. Cell research, 30 (3), 269-271.

Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. (2020). Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. Journal of Medical Virology, 92 (4), 441-447.

Zhan, L. et al. (2020). Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved α-ketoamide inhibitors. Science, eabb3405.

Zhang, W. (2020). The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clinical Immunology, 214, e108393.

Published

2020-04-25

Issue

Section

Review Article

How to Cite

Pathogenesis and treatment prospects for Covid-19: a review. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 7, p. e05973730, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3730. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/3730. Acesso em: 7 aug. 2025.