COVID-19 y sus implicaciones em la fertilidad masculina y femenina: impactos futuros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.38217Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2; Esterilidad; Sistema reproductivo.Resumen
En los últimos años, el COVID-19 ha sido foco de estudios, ampliamente explorados por especialistas de diferentes áreas, involucrando diferentes potenciales de investigación debido al tropismo viral por los receptores en los sistemas del cuerpo humano. La enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2) se considera la principal puerta de entrada viral, al estar ubicada en diferentes tejidos y órganos, lo que permite que SARS-CoV-2 afecte varias partes del cuerpo humano, incluido el sistema reproductivo. Esta revisión integradora tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos causados por la patogenicidad del virus SARS-CoV-2 en los sistemas reproductivos que involucran la fertilidad. Surge entonces el interrogante de la posibilidad de que el virus promueva la infertilidad por la presencia de ECA2 en el sistema reproductivo, y la necesidad de identificar los posibles efectos que el virus puede desencadenar. Estudios indican que en el aparato reproductor femenino, se observó en pacientes post-infectadas: insuficiencia ovárica prematura, afectación y daño de las células de la granulosa y tejidos ováricos, alteración del ciclo menstrual y alteraciones hormonales. En cuanto al aparato reproductor masculino, se identificaron impactos negativos como: afectación de las células de Sertoli y disminución de las células de Leydig, cambios en los niveles hormonales, reducción en la cantidad y calidad de los espermatozoides, infiltrado leucocitario en el intersticio testicular, orquitis, engrosamiento membrana basal, destrucción de células germinales y fragmentación del ADN espermático. A pesar de las investigaciones que indican los posibles daños causados por el SARS-CoV-2 al sistema reproductivo masculino y femenino, se necesitan más estudios teóricos y prácticos que demuestren, a través de mecanismos subyacentes, los posibles impactos futuros después de la infección viral en la fertilidad humana.
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